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Chapter 8: Problem 76

Based on the relationship between electron configurations and the periodic table, give the number of (a) outer-shell electrons in an atom of \(\mathrm{Sb} ;\) (b) electrons in the fourth principal electronic shell of \(\mathrm{Pt} ;\) (c) elements whose atoms have six outer-shell electrons; (d) unpaired electrons in an atom of Te; (e) transition elements in the sixth period.

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) Sb has 5 outer-shell electrons. (b) Pt has 14 electrons in its fourth principal electronic shell. (c) There are 5 elements with six outer-shell electrons: O, S, Se, Te and Po. (d) Te has 2 unpaired electrons. (e) There are 10 transition elements in the sixth period.

Step by step solution

01

Identifying outer-shell electrons in Sb

Antimony (Sb) is located in Group 15 of the periodic table, also called Nitrogen Group. Elements in this group have five outer-shell electrons in their ground state. Therefore, an atom of Sb has 5 outer-shell electrons.
02

Identifying electrons in the fourth principal electronic shell of Pt

Platinum (Pt) is located in Period 6 (6th row) and in the 10th column of the transition metals (d-block). The 4th principal shell corresponds to the 4th energy level, which includes the 4s, 4p, 4d, and 4f subshells. However, for Pt only the 4f subshell is relevant. The correct electronic configuration for Platinum is [Xe] 4f^14 5d^9 6s^1. Therefore, there are 14 electrons in the 4f subshell, which is the fourth principal electronic shell for Pt.
03

Identifying elements with six outer-shell electrons

Elements having six outer-shell electrons are found in Group 16 of the periodic table, also called the Oxygen Group or Chalcogens. These include Oxygen (O), Sulfur (S), Selenium (Se), Tellurium (Te), and Polonium (Po).
04

Identifying unpaired electrons in an atom of Te

Tellurium (Te) is in Period 5, Group 16 of the periodic table. The electronic configuration of Te is [Kr] 5s^2 4d^10 5p^4. The 5p subshell has four electrons where two are paired and two are unpaired. Therefore, Te has 2 unpaired electrons.
05

Identifying transition elements in the sixth period

Transition elements in the 6th period are transition metals found in the d-block of the 6th row of the periodic table. These include elements from Lanthanum (La) to Hafnium (Hf), and Rutherfordium (Rf) to Copernicium (Cn). If we exclude the Lanthanides series, there are 10 transition elements in the 6th period.

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