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Chapter 8: Problem 85

What is the expected ground-state electron configuration for each of the following elements? (a) mercury; (b) calcium; (c) polonium; (d) tin; (e) tantalum; (f) iodine.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The electron configurations are: Mercury: \[1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^{10} 4p^6 5s^2 4d^{10} 5p^6 6s^2 4f^{14} 5d^{10}\], Calcium: \[1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2\], Polonium: \[1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 3d^{10} 4s^2 4p^6 4d^{10} 5s^2 5p^6 4f^{14} 5d^{10} 6s^2 6p^4\], Tin: \[1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 3d^{10} 4s^2 4p^6 4d^{10} 5s^2 5p^2\], Tantalum: \[1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 3d^{10} 4s^2 4p^6 4d^{10} 4f^{14} 5s^2 5p^6 5d^{3} 6s^2\], Iodine: \[1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 3d^{10} 4s^2 4p^6 4d^{10} 5s^2 5p^{5}\]

Step by step solution

01

Mercury Electron Configuration

Mercury is element number 80 on the Periodic Table. Its electron configuration is \[1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^{10} 4p^6 5s^2 4d^{10} 5p^6 6s^2 4f^{14} 5d^{10}\]
02

Calcium Electron Configuration

Calcium is element number 20 on the Periodic Table. Its electron configuration is \[1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2\]
03

Polonium Electron Configuration

Polonium is element number 84 on the Periodic Table. Its electron configuration is \[1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 3d^{10} 4s^2 4p^6 4d^{10} 5s^2 5p^6 4f^{14} 5d^{10} 6s^2 6p^4\]
04

Tin Electron Configuration

Tin is element number 50 on the Periodic Table. Its electron configuration is \[1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 3d^{10} 4s^2 4p^6 4d^{10} 5s^2 5p^2\]
05

Tantalum Electron Configuration

Tantalum is element number 73 on the Periodic Table. Its electron configuration is \[1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 3d^{10} 4s^2 4p^6 4d^{10} 4f^{14} 5s^2 5p^6 5d^{3} 6s^2\]
06

Iodine Electron Configuration

Iodine is element number 53 on the Periodic Table. Its electron configuration is \[1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 3d^{10} 4s^2 4p^6 4d^{10} 5s^2 5p^{5}\]

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Select the correct answer and explain your reasoning. An electron having \(n=3\) and \(m_{\ell}=0\) (a) must have \(m_{s}=+\frac{1}{2} ;(\mathbf{b})\) must have \(\ell=1 ;(\mathbf{c})\) may have \(\ell=0,1\) or \(2 ;\) (d) must have \(\ell=2\).

Without doing detailed calculations, indicate which of the following electron transitions in the hydrogen atom results in the emission of light of the longest wavelength. (a) \(n=4\) to \(n=3 ;\) (b) \(n=1\) to \(n=2\) (c) \(n=1\) to \(n=6 ;\) (d) \(n=3\) to \(n=2\).

The lowest-frequency light that will produce the photoelectric effect is called the threshold frequency. (a) The threshold frequency for indium is \(9.96 \times\) \(10^{14} \mathrm{s}^{-1} .\) What is the energy, in joules, of a photon of this radiation? (b) Will indium display the photoelectric effect with UV light? With infrared light? Explain.

Without doing detailed calculations, indicate which of the following electron transitions requires the greatest amount of energy to be absorbed by a hydrogen atom: from (a) \(n=1\) to \(n=2 ;\) (b) \(n=2\) to \(n=4 ;\) (c) \(n=3\) to \(n=9 ;\) (d) \(n=10\) to \(n=1\)

Show that the uncertainty principle is not significant when applied to large objects such as automobiles. Assume that \(m\) is precisely known; assign a reasonable value to either the uncertainty in position or the uncertainty in velocity, and estimate a value of the other.
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