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Chapter 9: Problem 50

Write balanced equations to represent (a) the displacement of a halide anion from aqueous solution by liquid bromine (b) the reaction with water of an alkali metal with \(Z>50\) (c) the reaction of tetraphosphorus decoxide with water (d) the reaction of aluminum oxide with aqueous sulfuric acid

Short Answer

Expert verified
The balanced equations for the mentioned reactions are: (a) \( 2KBr(aq) + Cl_2(g) \rightarrow 2KCl(aq) + Br_2(l) \) (b) \( 2Rb(s) + 2H_2O(l) \rightarrow 2RbOH(aq) + H_2(g) \)(c) \( P_4O_{10}(s) + 6H_2O(l) \rightarrow 4H_3PO_4(aq) \)(d) \( Al_2O_3(s) + 3H_2SO_4(aq) \rightarrow Al_2(SO_4)_3(aq) + 3H_2O(l) \)

Step by step solution

01

- Writing Displacement Reaction

In displacement reactions, one element is substituted for another in a compound. For the reaction 'displacement of a halide anion from aqueous solution by liquid bromine', the balanced chemical equation will be \( 2KBr(aq) + Cl_2(g) \rightarrow 2KCl(aq) + Br_2(l) \). Here, chlorine (a halide anion) displaces bromine with the help of potassium bromide (2KBr), thus forming liquid bromine.
02

- Reaction of Alkali Metal with Water

An alkali metal with \(Z>50\) refers to alkali metals from the periodic table with atomic numbers greater than 50. For instance, Rubidium (Rb) has an atomic number of 37, so it fits the condition. The reaction of an alkali metal with water always gives a basic solution. Hence, the balanced reaction equation can be formulated as \( 2Rb(s) + 2H_2O(l) \rightarrow 2RbOH(aq) + H_2(g) \), where Rb represents rubidium.
03

- Reaction of Tetraphosphorus Decoxide with Water

Tetraphosphorus decoxide (P4O10) reacts aggressively with water to produce phosphoric acid. The balanced chemical equation can be written as \( P_4O_{10}(s) + 6H_2O(l) \rightarrow 4H_3PO_4(aq) \) where H_3PO_4 is phosphoric acid.
04

- Reaction of Aluminum Oxide with Aqueous Sulfuric Acid

Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) reacts with sulfuric acid (H2SO4) to produce aluminum sulfate and water, being a classic example of an acid-base neutralization reaction. The balanced equation is \( Al_2O_3(s) + 3H_2SO_4(aq) \rightarrow Al_2(SO_4)_3(aq) + 3H_2O(l) \).

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Neither \(\mathrm{Co}^{2+}\) nor \(\mathrm{Co}^{3+}\) has \(4 \mathrm{s}\) electrons in its electron configuration. How many unpaired electrons would you expect to find in each of these ions? Explain.

Concerning the incomplete seventh period of the periodic table, what should be the atomic number of the element (a) for which the filling of the \(6 d\) subshell is completed; (b) that should most closely resemble bismuth; (c) that should be a noble gas?

Which of the following species has the greatest number of unpaired electrons (a) \(\mathrm{Ge} ;\) (b) \(\mathrm{Cl} ;\) (c) \(\mathrm{Cr}^{3+}\) (d) Br -?

In multielectron atoms many of the periodic trends can be explained in terms of \(Z_{\text {eff }}\) Consider the following statements and discuss whether or not the statement is true or false. (a) Electrons in a \(p\) orbital are more effective than electrons in the \(s\) orbitals in shielding other electrons from the nuclear charge. (b) \(\mathrm{Z}_{\text {eff }}\) for an electron in an \(s\) orbital is lower than that for an electron in a \(p\) orbital in the same shell. (c) \(Z_{\text {eff }}\) is usually less than \(Z.\) (d) Electrons in orbitals having \(\ell=1\) penetrate better than those with \(\ell=2.\) (e) \(\mathrm{Z}_{\text {eff }}\) for the orbitals of the elements \(\mathrm{Na}(3 s)\) \(\mathrm{Mg}(3 s), \mathrm{Al}(3 p), \mathrm{P}(3 p),\) and \(\mathrm{S}(3 p)\) are in the order \(Z_{\text {eff }}(\mathrm{Na})<\mathrm{Z}_{\text {eff }}(\mathrm{Mg})>\mathrm{Z}_{\text {eff }}(\mathrm{Al})<\mathrm{Z}_{\text {eff }}(\mathrm{P})>\mathrm{Z}_{\text {eff }}(\mathrm{S}).\)

Which of the following ions are unlikely to be found in chemical compounds: \(\mathrm{K}^{+}, \mathrm{Ga}^{4+}, \mathrm{Fe}^{6+} \mathrm{S}^{2-}, \mathrm{Ge}^{5+},\) or \(\mathrm{Br}^{-} ?\) Explain briefly.
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