Log out Go to App
Go to App

Learning Materials

Features

Discover

Chapter 9: Problem 75

Briefly describe each of the following ideas or phenomena: (a) the periodic law; (b) ionization energy; (c) electron affinity; (d) paramagnetism.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The periodic law states that elements' properties repeat periodically when arranged by atomic number. Ionization energy is the energy to remove an electron from an atom. Electron affinity is the energy change when an electron is added to an atom. Paramagnetism is a type of magnetism arising from unpaired electrons.

Step by step solution

01

- Define the Periodic Law

The periodic law states that when the elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, there is a periodic repetition of their physical and chemical properties. In other words, elements with similar chemical behaviors appear at regular intervals (or periods) on the periodic table.
02

- Define Ionization Energy

Ionization energy is the energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous atom or ion. The higher the ionization energy, the harder it is to remove an electron. First ionization energy refers to the energy to remove the first valence electron, second ionization energy refers to removing a second, and so on.
03

- Define Electron Affinity

Electron affinity is the energy change that occurs when an electron is added to a gaseous atom. It represents how much an atom wants to accept an additional electron. Elements with high electron affinities tend to be nonmetals.
04

- Define Paramagnetism

Paramagnetism refers to the magnetism of a material that arises from the presence of unpaired electrons. The unpaired electrons are attracted by a magnetic field, making the substance magnetic. It is contrasted with diamagnetism, where substances are repelled by a magnetic field.

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

  • Full Textbook Solutions

    Get detailed explanations and key concepts

  • Unlimited Al creation

    Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

  • Ads-free access

    To over 500 millions flashcards

  • Money-back guarantee

    We refund you if you fail your exam.

Start your free trial

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with Vaia!

One App. One Place for Learning.

All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.

Get started for free

Most popular questions from this chapter

Are there any atoms for which the second ionization energy \(\left(I_{2}\right)\) is smaller than the first \(\left(I_{1}\right) ?\) Explain.

The following melting points are in degrees Celsius. Show that melting point is a periodic property of these elements: $\mathrm{Al}, 660 ; \mathrm{Ar},-189 ; \mathrm{Be}, 1278 ; \mathrm{B}, 2300 ; \mathrm{C}$ $3350 ; \mathrm{Cl},-101 ; \mathrm{F},-220 ; \mathrm{Li}, 179 ; \mathrm{Mg}, 651 ; \mathrm{Ne},-249 ; \mathrm{N}$ $-210 ; \mathrm{O},-218 ; \mathrm{P}, 590 ; \mathrm{Si}, 1410 ; \mathrm{Na}, 98 ; \mathrm{S}, 119.$

For each of the following pairs, indicate the atom that has the larger size: (a) Te or Br; (b) \(\mathrm{K}\) or \(\mathrm{Ca} ;\) (c) Ca or Cs; (d) \(\mathrm{N}\) or \(\mathrm{O} ;\) (e) \(\mathrm{O}\) or \(\mathrm{P} ;\) (f) \(\mathrm{Al}\) or \(\mathrm{Au}.\)

Write balanced equations to represent (a) the displacement of a halide anion from aqueous solution by liquid bromine (b) the reaction with water of an alkali metal with \(Z>50\) (c) the reaction of tetraphosphorus decoxide with water (d) the reaction of aluminum oxide with aqueous sulfuric acid

The element whose atoms have the electron configuration \([\mathrm{Kr}] 4 d^{10} 5 \mathrm{s}^{2} 5 p^{3}(\mathrm{a})\) is in group 13 of the periodic table; (b) bears a similarity to the element Bi; (c) is similar to the element \(\mathrm{Te} ;\) (d) is a transition element.
See all solutions

Recommended explanations on Chemistry Textbooks

Chemistry Branches

Read Explanation

Organic Chemistry

Read Explanation

Nuclear Chemistry

Read Explanation

Chemical Reactions

Read Explanation

Physical Chemistry

Read Explanation

Making Measurements

Read Explanation
View all explanations

What do you think about this solution?

We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.

Study anywhere. Anytime. Across all devices.

Sign-up for free