Chapter 9: Problem 84
Explain why the first ionization energy of \(\mathrm{Mg}\) is greater that of \(\mathrm{Na},\) whereas the second ionization of Na is greater than that of Mg.
Chapter 9: Problem 84
Explain why the first ionization energy of \(\mathrm{Mg}\) is greater that of \(\mathrm{Na},\) whereas the second ionization of Na is greater than that of Mg.
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Get started for freeFor the atom \(^{119} \mathrm{Sn}\), indicate the number of (a) protons in the nucleus; (b) neutrons in the nucleus; (c) \(4 d\) electrons; (d) 3s electrons; (e) 5 \(p\) electrons; (f) electrons in the valence shell.
The following species are isoelectronic with the noble gas krypton. Arrange them in order of increasing radius and comment on the principles involved in doing so: $\mathrm{Rb}^{+}, \mathrm{Y}^{3+}, \mathrm{Br}^{-}, \mathrm{Sr}^{2+}, \mathrm{Se}^{2-}.$
Indicate the smallest and the largest species (atom or ion) in the following group: Al atom, F atom, As atom, \(\mathrm{Cs}^{+}\) ion, \(\mathrm{I}^{-}\) ion, \(\mathrm{N}\) atom.
Is it possible for two different atoms to be isoelectronic? two different cations? two different anions? a cation and an anion? Explain.
Plot a graph of the square roots of the ionization energies versus the nuclear charge for the two series \(\mathrm{Li}, \mathrm{Be}^{+}, \mathrm{B}^{2+}, \mathrm{C}^{3+},\) and \(\mathrm{Na}, \mathrm{Mg}^{+}, \mathrm{Al}^{2+}, \mathrm{Si}^{3+} .\) Explain the observed relationship with the aid of Bohr's expression for the binding energy of an electron in a one electron atom.
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