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Chapter 1: Problem 6

Define these terms: (a) element, (b) compound.

Short Answer

Expert verified
An element is a pure, basic form of matter that cannot be further simplified, while a compound is a substance formed when two or more elements chemically bond together in a fixed ratio.

Step by step solution

01

Define Element

An element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by any physical or chemical means. Elements are represented in the periodic table, and each one has a unique atomic structure. It is a basic form of matter that cannot be simplified further using any chemical reaction.
02

Define Compound

A compound is a substance formed when two or more elements are chemically bonded together. The elements in a compound combine in a fixed ratio, and the compound has properties different from those of the composing elements. Compounds can be broken down into simpler substances through chemical reactions.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Express the answers to these in scientific notation: (a) \(0.0095+\left(8.5 \times 10^{-3}\right)\) (b) \(653 \div\left(5.75 \times 10^{-8}\right)\) (c) \(850,000-\left(9.0 \times 10^{5}\right)\) (d) \(\left(3.6 \times 10^{-4}\right) \times\left(3.6 \times 10^{6}\right)\)

Chlorine is used to disinfect swimming pools. The accepted concentration for this purpose is 1 ppm chlorine or \(1 \mathrm{~g}\) of chlorine per million \(\mathrm{g}\) of water. Calculate the volume of a chlorine solution (in milliliters) a homeowner should add to her swimming pool if the solution contains 6.0 percent chlorine by mass and there are \(2 \times 10^{4}\) gallons of water in the pool. (1 gallon \(=3.79 \mathrm{~L}\); density of liquids \(=1.0 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{mL} .)\)

Magnesium (Mg) is a valuable metal used in alloys, in batteries, and in chemical synthesis. It is obtained mostly from seawater, which contains about \(1.3 \mathrm{~g}\) of Mg for every kilogram of seawater. Calculate the volume of seawater (in liters) needed to extract \(8.0 \times 10^{4}\) tons of \(\mathrm{Mg}\), which is roughly the annual production in the United States. (Density of seawater = \(1.03 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{mL} .)\)

(a) Convert the following temperatures to kelvin: (i) \(113^{\circ} \mathrm{C},\) the melting point of sulfur, (ii) \(37^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\), the normal body temperature, (iii) \(357^{\circ} \mathrm{C},\) the boiling point of mercury. (b) Convert the following temperatures to degrees Celsius: (i) \(77 \mathrm{~K}\), the boiling point of liquid nitrogen, (ii) \(4.2 \mathrm{~K},\) the boiling point of liquid helium, (iii) \(601 \mathrm{~K}\), the melting point of lead.

What is the difference between a physical property and a chemical property?
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