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Chapter 11: Problem 16

Discuss how you can determine which of these compounds might be alkanes, cycloalkanes, alkenes, or alkynes, without drawing their formulas: (a) \(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{12}\) (b) \(\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{6}\) (c) \(\mathrm{C}_{5} \mathrm{H}_{12}\) (d) \(\mathrm{C}_{7} \mathrm{H}_{14},\) (e) \(\mathrm{C}_{3} \mathrm{H}_{4}\).

Short Answer

Expert verified
The compounds can be classified as follows: (a) Alkene or Cycloalkane, (b) Alkyne, (c) Alkane or Cycloalkane, (d) Alkene or Cycloalkane, and (e) Alkyne.

Step by step solution

01

Recognize the General Formulas

Understand the general molecular formulas for alkanes, cycloalkanes, alkenes, and alkynes. Alkanes and cycloalkanes have the general formula \( \mathrm{C}_n \mathrm{H}_{2n+2} \) and \( \mathrm{C}_n \mathrm{H}_{2n} \) respectively while alkenes and alkynes have formulas \( \mathrm{C}_n \mathrm{H}_{2n} \) and \( \mathrm{C}_n \mathrm{H}_{2n-2} \) respectively.
02

Classify Given Compounds

Classify each compound according to their molecular formula:a) \( \mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{12} \) follows the general formula of both alkenes and cycloalkanes, i.e., \( \mathrm{C}_n \mathrm{H}_{2n} \).b) \( \mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{6} \) is congruent with the formula for alkynes \( \mathrm{C}_n \mathrm{H}_{2n-2} \).c) \( \mathrm{C}_{5} \mathrm{H}_{12} \) matches the general formula for both alkanes and cycloalkanes, i.e., \( \mathrm{C}_n \mathrm{H}_{2n+2} \).d) \( \mathrm{C}_{7} \mathrm{H}_{14} \) adheres to the formula of alkenes and cycloalkanes, i.e., \( \mathrm{C}_n \mathrm{H}_{2n} \).e) \( \mathrm{C}_{3} \mathrm{H}_{4} \) fits the alkynes' formula, \( \mathrm{C}_n \mathrm{H}_{2n-2} \).

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Name the classes to which these compounds belong: (a) \(\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{9} \mathrm{OH}\) (b) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{OC}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{5}\) (c) \(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{CHO}\) (d) \(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{COOH}\) (e) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{NH}_{2}\)

Write structures for the compounds shown below: (a) 1-bromo-3-methylbenzene, (b) 1-chloro-2-propylbenzene, (c) 1,2,4,5 -tetramethylbenzene.

The combustion of \(20.63 \mathrm{mg}\) of compound \(\mathrm{Y}\), which contains only \(\mathrm{C}, \mathrm{H},\) and \(\mathrm{O}\), with excess oxygen gave \(57.94 \mathrm{mg}\) of \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\) and \(11.85 \mathrm{mg}\) of \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\). (a) Calculate how many milligrams of \(\mathrm{C}, \mathrm{H},\) and \(\mathrm{O}\) were present in the original sample of \(Y\). (b) Derive the empirical formula of Y. (c) Suggest a plausible structure for \(\mathrm{Y}\) if the empirical formula is the same as the molecular formula.

What are functional groups? Why is it logical and useful to classify organic compounds according to their functional groups?

How many distinct chloropentanes, \(\mathrm{C}_{5} \mathrm{H}_{11} \mathrm{Cl}\), could be produced in the direct chlorination of \(n\) -pentane, \(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\left(\mathrm{CH}_{2}\right)_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{3}\) ? Draw the structure of each molecule.
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