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Chapter 11: Problem 55

How many carbon-carbon sigma bonds are present in each of these molecules? (a) benzene, (b) cyclobutane, (c) 3-ethyl-2-methylpentane.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Benzene has 6 carbon-carbon sigma bonds, cyclobutane has 4 carbon-carbon sigma bonds, and 3-ethyl-2-methylpentane has 12 carbon-carbon sigma bonds.

Step by step solution

01

Draw the Structural Formula for Benzene

The structural formula for benzene, C6H6, consists of a six carbon ring where each carbon atom is also bonded to one hydrogen atom. This gives each carbon atom 3 sigma bonds: 2 to neighboring carbons and 1 to a hydrogen atom. But since we are only counting the carbon-carbon sigma bonds, we count just 2 for each carbon atom. Multiply this by 6 total carbons in the molecule.
02

Draw the Structural Formula for Cyclobutane

Cyclobutane, C4H8, consists of a square of carbon atoms, with each carbon atom also bonded to two hydrogen atoms. Each carbon atom possesses 3 sigma bonds in total: 2 with neighbouring carbon atoms and 1 with a hydrogen atom. Again, counting only carbon-carbon sigma bonds, we count 2 for each carbon atom. Multiply this by 4, the total number of carbon atoms in cyclobutane.
03

Draw the Structural Formula for 3-ethyl-2-methylpentane

3-ethyl-2-methylpentane is a complex alkane; first draw a pentane backbone (5 carbon chain), then, on the third carbon, add an ethyl group (2 carbon chain), and on the second carbon, add a methyl group (1 carbon atom). All carbons are single-bonded, thus all are sigma bonds. Count all the carbon-carbon connections to get the total sigma bonds.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

You are given two bottles, each containing a colorless liquid. You are told that one liquid is cyclohexane and the other is benzene. Suggest one chemical test that would enable you to distinguish between these two liquids.

Discuss how you can determine which of these compounds might be alkanes, cycloalkanes, alkenes, or alkynes, without drawing their formulas: (a) \(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{12}\) (b) \(\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{6}\) (c) \(\mathrm{C}_{5} \mathrm{H}_{12}\) (d) \(\mathrm{C}_{7} \mathrm{H}_{14},\) (e) \(\mathrm{C}_{3} \mathrm{H}_{4}\).

Write the structural formulas of the alcohols with the formula \(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{13} \mathrm{O}\) and indicate those that are chiral. Show only the \(\mathrm{C}\) atoms and the \(-\mathrm{OH}\) groups.

What do "saturated" and "unsaturated" mean when applied to hydrocarbons? Give examples of a saturated hydrocarbon and an unsaturated hydrocarbon.

Draw Newman projections of the staggered and eclipsed conformations of propane. Rank them in stability.
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