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Chapter 11: Problem 76

Write the structures of three alkenes that yield 2-methylbutane on hydrogenation.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Three different alkenes that would yield 2-methylbutane after hydrogenation include 2-methyl-2-butene, 2-methyl-1-butene and 3-methyl-1-butene.

Step by step solution

01

Understand the structure of 2-methylbutane

2-Methylbutane, also known as isopentane, is a branched-chain alkane with five carbon atoms. The ‘2-Methyl’ part indicates that there is a methyl group (-CH3) attached to the second carbon atom in the butane chain. It implies that there is a branch at the second carbon atom.
02

Visualize the alkenes that can be hydrogenated to yield 2-methylbutane

An alkene is a hydrocarbon that contains a carbon-carbon double bond. To yield 2-methylbutane upon hydrogenation, we need to have alkenes with five carbon atoms that also take into account the branching at the 2nd carbon atom due to the methyl group. Therefore, three structures of alkenes that can yield 2-methylbutane after hydrogenation include: 1. 2-methyl-2-butene2. 2-methyl-1-butene3. 3-methyl-1-buteneThe double bond location varies for each. For instance, in 2-methyl-2-butene and 2-methyl-1-butene, the double bond is placed at different locations in the main chain, whereas, in 3-methyl-1-butene, the placement of the methyl group varies.
03

Description of the hydrogenation process

Under specific conditions, which typically involve the presence of a catalyst such as platinum, palladium, or nickel, alkenes can be hydrogenated. The hydrogenation process involves the addition of hydrogen (H2) to the carbon-carbon double bond in the alkene. The end result of this process is an alkane, in this case, 2-methylbutane.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

The combustion of \(3.795 \mathrm{mg}\) of liquid \(\mathrm{B}\), which contains only \(\mathrm{C}, \mathrm{H},\) and \(\mathrm{O},\) with excess oxygen gave 9.708 \(\mathrm{mg}\) of \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\) and \(3.969 \mathrm{mg}\) of \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\). In a molar mass determination, \(0.205 \mathrm{~g}\) of \(\mathrm{B}\) vaporized at \(1.00 \mathrm{~atm}\) and \(200.0^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) and occupied a volume of \(89.8 \mathrm{~mL}\). Derive the empirical formula, molar mass, and molecular formula of \(\mathrm{B}\) and draw three plausible structures.

What factor determines whether a carbon atom in a compound is asymmetric?

Draw all the structural isomers of compounds with the formula \(\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{8} \mathrm{Cl}_{2}\). Indicate which isomers are chiral and give them systematic names.

Write the structural formulas for these organic compounds: (a) 3 -methylhexane, (b) 1,3,5 -trichlorocyclohexane, (c) 2,3-dimethylpentane, (d) 2-bromo4 -phenylpentane, (e) 3,4,5 -trimethyloctane.

Predict products when \(\mathrm{HBr}\) is added to (a) 1 -butene and (b) 2 -butene.
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