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Chapter 12: Problem 35

Describe, with examples, these types of crystals: (a) ionic crystals, (b) covalent crystals, (c) molecular crystals. (d) metallic crystals.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Ionic crystals like Sodium Chloride (NaCl) consist of positive and negative ions bonded strongly. Covalent crystals like Diamond (C) involve atoms connected by covalent bonds, forming a single molecule. Molecular crystals like Ice (H2O) have weak intermolecular forces like Van der Waals forces or Hydrogen bonds. Metallic crystals such as Iron (Fe) include metal atoms with a 'sea' of delocalized electrons around the cationic framework.

Step by step solution

01

Describe and give examples of ionic crystals

Ionic crystals consist of positive and negative ions. They have strong ionic bonds between them. A common characteristic is that they have high melting and boiling points. They also conduct electricity when molten or dissolved. An example of an ionic crystal is Sodium Chloride (NaCl).
02

Describe and give examples of covalent crystals

Covalent crystals are composed of atoms connected by covalent bonds. The whole crystal is a single molecule. They have extremely high melting and boiling points and are generally hard and brittle. An example of a covalent crystal is a Diamond (C).
03

Describe and give examples of molecular crystals

Molecular crystals contain molecules at each lattice point. These crystals have weak Van der Waals forces or Hydrogen bonds between the molecules. Their melting and boiling points are usually lower than those of ionic and covalent crystals. They do not conduct electricity. An example of a molecular crystal is Ice (H2O).
04

Describe and give examples of metallic crystals

Metallic crystals are composed of metal atoms. They have a closely packed regular structure with a 'sea' of delocalized electrons around the cationic framework. They possess properties such as high conductivity and malleability. An example of a metallic crystal is Iron (Fe).

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