Chapter 12: Problem 40

Classify the solid states of the elements in the second period of the periodic table.

Short Answer

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The solids in the second period of the periodic table include Lithium (Li), Beryllium (Be), Boron (B), and Carbon (C). In room temperature, Lithium and Beryllium have a metallic lattice structure, Boron has a rhombohedral lattice and Carbon exists as diamond and graphite.

Step by step solution

Identify the Elements of the Second Period

The first step is to establish what elements are in the second period of the periodic table. The second period includes the elements: Lithium (Li), Beryllium (Be), Boron (B), Carbon (C), Nitrogen (N), Oxygen (O), Fluorine (F) and Neon (Ne).

Determine the States of Elements

Among these elements, only Nitrogen (N), Oxygen (O), Fluorine (F), and Neon (Ne) are gases at room temperature. Therefore, the remaining elements, including Lithium (Li), Beryllium (Be), Boron (B), and Carbon (C) are all solids at room temperature.

Classifying the Solid State

Now, for the elements that are solid at room temperature, further classify them: Lithium (Li) and Beryllium (Be) are alkali and alkaline earth metals respectively, and both have a metallic lattice structure. Boron (B) is a metalloid having a rhombohedral lattice structure. Carbon (C) is a non-metal, which at room temperature exists in two forms. One is diamond, where each carbon atom is connected to four other carbon atoms to form a giant covalent structure. The other is graphite, another form of carbon, it has layers of carbon atoms arranged in hexagons, with weak forces between the layers.

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Classify the solid states of the elements in the second period of the periodic table.

Short Answer

Step by step solution

Identify the Elements of the Second Period

Determine the States of Elements

Classifying the Solid State

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