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Chapter 12: Problem 51

Classify the crystalline form of these substances as ionic crystals, covalent crystals, molecular crystals, or metallic crystals: (a) \(\mathrm{CO}_{2},\) (b) \(\mathrm{B},\) (c) \(\mathrm{S}_{8},\) (d) \(\mathrm{KBr}\), (e) \(\mathrm{Mg}\), (f) \(\mathrm{SiO}_{2},\) (g) \(\mathrm{LiCl},\) (h) Cr.

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\) - molecular crystals, (b) \(\mathrm{B}\) - covalent crystals, (c) \(\mathrm{S}_{8}\) - molecular crystals, (d) \(\mathrm{KBr}\) - ionic crystals, (e) \(\mathrm{Mg}\) - metallic crystals, (f) \(\mathrm{SiO}_{2}\) - covalent crystals, (g) \(\mathrm{LiCl}\) - ionic crystals, (h) Cr - metallic crystals

Step by step solution

01

Classify \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\)

\(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\) is a molecular compound, and in its solid form, it consists of molecules held together by intermolecular forces. Thus, \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\) forms molecular crystals.
02

Classify \(\mathrm{B}\)

Boron (\(\mathrm{B}\)) is a metalloid, and in its solid-state, forms a covalent network crystal with each Boron atom covalently bonded to its neighboring Boron atoms. Thus, \(\mathrm{B}\) forms covalent crystals.
03

Classify \(\mathrm{S}_{8}\)

Sulfur (\(\mathrm{S}_{8}\)) has eight sulfur atoms covalently bonded in a ring. These rings are held together by London dispersion forces, thus forming molecular crystals.
04

Classify \(\mathrm{KBr}\)

\(\mathrm{KBr}\) is an ionic compound, consisting of potassium (\(\mathrm{K}^{+}\)) and bromine (\(\mathrm{Br}^{-}\)) ions. Hence, \(\mathrm{KBr}\) forms ionic crystals.
05

Classify \(\mathrm{Mg}\)

Magnesium (\(\mathrm{Mg}\)) is a metal and in its solid-state, forms metallic crystals with a metallic bonding structure.
06

Classify \(\mathrm{SiO}_{2}\)

\(\mathrm{SiO}_{2}\) forms a covalent network crystal where each silicon atom is bonded to four oxygen atoms, and each oxygen atom is bonded to two silicon atoms. Hence, \(\mathrm{SiO}_{2}\) forms covalent crystals.
07

Classify \(\mathrm{LiCl}\)

\(\mathrm{LiCl}\) is an ionic compound, consisting of lithium (\(\mathrm{Li}^{+}\)) and chlorine (\(\mathrm{Cl}^{-}\)) ions. Hence, \(\mathrm{LiCl}\) forms ionic crystals.
08

Classify Chromium (Cr)

Chromium (Cr) is a metal and in its solid-state, forms metallic crystals with a metallic bonding structure.

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