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Chapter 12: Problem 82

What is a phase diagram? What useful information can be obtained from a phase diagram?

Short Answer

Expert verified
A phase diagram is a graphical representation that shows the state of matter of a substance at different pressures and temperatures. It can provide information such as the conditions under which a substance changes state, the conditions under which all three states coexist (triple point), and the point above which gas and liquid states become indistinguishable (critical point).

Step by step solution

01

Understand Phase Diagram

A phase diagram represent the physical state of a substance at different temperatures and pressures. The diagrams typically have pressure on the Y-axis and temperature on the X-axis and are divided into regions by lines. Each region in the diagram represents one of the states: solid, liquid and gas.
02

Explain the Segments and Intersection Points

The lines on the phase diagram are phase boundaries, representing conditions of temperature and pressure at which phase transitions occur. For instance, the boundary between solid and liquid states signifies the melting point, where the substance transitions from solid to liquid state. Similarly, the boundary between liquid and gas represents the boiling point.
03

Discuss the Triple Point and Critical Point

Unique to each substance, the triple point is a particular temperature and pressure at which all three phases coexist. Similarly, the critical point is the temperature and pressure above which the gas and liquid states of the substance become indistinguishable.
04

Understand the Information From a Phase Diagram

A phase diagram provides important information about how the state of a substance changes with varying temperature and pressure. It indicates the range of conditions under which the substance can exist in each state, helps predict how changes in pressure and temperature will affect the state of a substance, and reveals the points of state transition.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

A solid is very hard and has a high melting point. Neither the solid nor its melt conducts electricity. Classify the solid.

A solid is hard, brittle, and electrically nonconducting. Its melt (the liquid form of the substance) and an aqueous solution containing the substance do conduct electricity. Classify the solid.

A student heated a beaker of cold water (on a tripod) with a Bunsen burner. When the gas is ignited, she noticed that there was water condensed on the outside of the beaker. Explain what happened.

A \(1.20-\mathrm{g}\) sample of water is injected into an evacuated \(5.00-\mathrm{L}\) flask at \(65^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). What percentage of the water will be vapor when the system reaches equi librium? Assume ideal behavior of water vapor an that the volume of liquid water is negligible. The va por pressure of water at \(65^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) is \(187.5 \mathrm{mmHg}\).

Define critical temperature. What is the significance of critical temperature in the liquefaction of gases?
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