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Chapter 13: Problem 12

Outline the steps required for conversion among molarity, molality, and percent by mass.

Short Answer

Expert verified
For conversion among molarity, molality, and percent by mass, first define each term. To convert molarity to molality, the formula \(m = \frac{M}{density - M*Molecular Weight}\) is to be used. For conversion from molality to percent by mass, use \( % mass = \frac{molality * Molecular Weight}{molality * Molecular Weight + 100} * 100%\) . Directly converting from molarity to percent by mass can be done using \( % mass = \frac{M * Molecular Weight}{density} * 100%\)

Step by step solution

01

Understanding the Definitions

First, you need to understand the definitions. Molarity (M) is the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. Molality (m) is the number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent. And percent by mass (% mass) is the mass of the solute divided by the total mass of the solution times 100%.
02

Convert Molarity to Molality

To convert molarity to molality, we need the density of the solution. The formula is \(m = \frac{M}{density - M*Molecular Weight}\). M is the molarity, Molecular Weight is the molar mass of the solute, and density is measured in g/L.
03

Conversion from Molality to Percent by Mass

After calculating the molality, we can then convert it to percent by mass. The equation used for this conversion is \( % mass = \frac{molality * Molecular Weight}{molality * Molecular Weight + 100} * 100%\)
04

Conversion from Molarity to Percent by Mass

We can also transition directly from Molarity to Percent by mass: \( % mass = \frac{M * Molecular Weight}{density} * 100%\) . Here M is the Molarity, Molecular Weight is the molar mass of the solute and density is measured in g/L

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