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Chapter 13: Problem 6

Describe the factors that affect the solubility of a solid in a liquid. What does it mean to say that two liquids are miscible?

Short Answer

Expert verified
Factors affecting solubility of a solid in a liquid include temperature, pressure, and nature of solvent and solute, with most solids becoming more soluble with increasing temperature. 'Miscibility' refers to the ability of two liquids to mix in all proportions to form a homogeneous solution, typically following the 'like dissolves like' principle in which polar liquids are miscible with polar liquids, and non-polar ones with non-polar ones.

Step by step solution

01

Factors Affecting Solubility

There are majorly three factors that influence the solubility of a solid in a liquid: Temperature, Pressure, and Nature of Solvent and Solute. In most cases, solubility of a solid in a liquid increases with rise in temperature. Pressure has little effect on the solubility of a solid in a liquid but it does have an impact in the case of gases. Lastly, whether a solid will dissolve or not in a liquid often depends on the nature of the solvent and the solute. Like dissolves Like’ is a general rule, it means polar solvents dissolve polar solutes, and non-polar solvents dissolve non-polar solutes.
02

Understanding Miscibility

Miscibility is a term used to describe the property of liquids to mix in all proportions, forming a homogeneous solution. The concept is also 'Like dissolves like'. Polar liquids are miscible with polar liquids, and non-polar liquids are miscible with non-polar liquids. For example: Water (polar) and ethanol (polar) are miscible.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Define these concentration terms and give their units: percent by mass, molarity, molality. Compare their advantages and disadvantages.

How do the solubilities of most ionic compounds in water change with temperature?

The solubility of \(\mathrm{KNO}_{3}\) is \(155 \mathrm{~g}\) per \(100 \mathrm{~g}\) of water at \(75^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) and \(38.0 \mathrm{~g}\) at \(25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). What mass (in grams) of \(\mathrm{KNO}_{3}\) will crystallize out of solution if exactly \(100 \mathrm{~g}\) of its saturated solution at \(75^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) are cooled to \(25^{\circ} \mathrm{C} ?\)

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