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Chapter 13: Problem 94

Before a carbonated beverage bottle is sealed, it is pressurized with a mixture of air and carbon dioxide. (a) Explain the effervescence that occurs when the cap of the bottle is removed. (b) What causes the fog to form near the mouth of the bottle right after the cap is removed?

Short Answer

Expert verified
Effervescence occurs when the cap is removed because the pressure inside the bottle decreases, allowing the dissolved carbon dioxide to escape from the liquid in the form of bubbles. The fog near the mouth of the bottle forms because the drop in temperature causes the water vapor in the air to condense into tiny droplets, which we perceive as fog.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding Effervescence

Effervescence occurs due to the change in pressure when the cap is removed from the bottle. Before the cap is removed, the gas above the liquid in the bottle is pressurized, meaning the pressure inside the bottle is higher than the outside atmospheric pressure. This high pressure forces the carbon dioxide (CO2) to dissolve in the liquid. When the cap is removed, the pressure inside the bottle drops rapidly to equal the atmospheric pressure. This sharp drop in pressure allows the dissolved CO2 to escape from the liquid in the form of tiny bubbles, which is observed as effervescence.
02

Understanding The Formation Of Fog

The fog near the mouth of the bottle forms due to condensation. When the pressure inside the bottle abruptly decreases upon opening, the temperature of the gas also decreases (according to Gay-Lussac's law which states that the pressure of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature at constant volume). This drop in temperature causes the water vapor in the air around the mouth of the bottle to cool down and condense into tiny droplets, which appear as fog.

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