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Chapter 17: Problem 57

Outline the general principle of qualitative analysis.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The qualitative analysis involves identifying the substances or chemical compounds present in a sample. It follows a systematic procedure of preparation, separation, detection, and confirmation of ions. It does not provide numerical values but is important in various fields for identifying molecules in samples.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding Qualitative Analysis

Qualitative analysis is a method of chemical analysis that deals with the determination of elements or grouping of elements present in a sample. It doesn't provide numerical values or measurements like its counterpart, quantitative analysis.
02

Importance of Qualitative Analysis

Qualitative analysis is crucial as it helps us identify the substances present in a sample. It provides information about the presence of particular elements or compounds but doesn’t inform about the amount present. It plays an important role in fields like chemistry, biology, geology, psychology, etc.
03

Principles of Qualitative Analysis

The general principles of qualitative analysis involve the systematic separation and identification of different types of ions in a given sample. Following a series of chemical reactions, one can infer from the observed results whether a particular ion is present or absent. The process involves the understanding of differential solubility, selective precipitation, complex ion formation, redox reactions, and color and physical properties of substances.
04

Procedure for Qualitative Analysis

The process usually involves four major stages: 1) Preparation of a solution: The sample is prepared in liquid form for the analysis. 2) Separation of ions: Chemical methods are used to segregate different ions. 3) Detection of ions: Each ion is then detected using specific tests. 4) Confirmation of ions: The ions are confirmed via confirmatory tests. These steps are repeated iteratively on different groups of ions.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Which of these ionic compounds will be more soluble in acid solution than in water: (a) \(\mathrm{BaSO}_{4}\) (b) \(\mathrm{PbCl}_{2},\) (c) \(\mathrm{Fe}(\mathrm{OH})_{3}\) (d) \(\mathrm{CaCO}_{3}\) ? Explain.

A 5.00 -g quantity of a diprotic acid is dissolved in water and made up to exactly \(250 \mathrm{~mL}\). Calculate the molar mass of the acid if \(25.0 \mathrm{~mL}\) of this solution required \(11.1 \mathrm{~mL}\) of \(1.00 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{KOH}\) for neutralization. Assume that both protons of the acid are titrated.

A volume of \(25.0 \mathrm{~mL}\) of \(0.100 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{HCl}\) is titrated against a \(0.100 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{NH}_{3}\) solution added to it from a buret. Calculate the \(\mathrm{pH}\) values of the solution (a) after \(10.0 \mathrm{~mL}\) of \(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\) solution have been added, \((\mathrm{b})\) after \(25.0 \mathrm{~mL}\) of \(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\) solution have been added, (c) after \(35.0 \mathrm{~mL}\) of \(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\) solution have been added.

What are the criteria for choosing an indicator for a particular acid-base titration?

Give an example to illustrate the general effect of complex ion formation on solubility.
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