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Chapter 20: Problem 51

Suggest a method that would enable you to distinguish between \(\mathrm{cis}-\mathrm{Pt}\left(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\right)_{2} \mathrm{Cl}_{2}\) and trans \(-\mathrm{Pt}\left(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\right)_{2} \mathrm{Cl}_{2}\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
A way to distinguish between cis-Pt(NH3)2Cl2 and trans-Pt(NH3)2Cl2 is by their interaction with biological molecules, specifically, DNA. The cis isomer can effectively react with DNA, unlike the trans isomer. Also, the cis isomer is polar and has different physical properties, such as a lower melting point and higher solubility in water, compared to the trans isomer.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding the Structures

Geometric isomers are the same compound but with a different arrangement of atoms. The cis and trans prefixes designate the positions of the chlorine atoms. In cis-Pt(NH3)2Cl2, the two chlorine atoms are on the same side (adjacent) of the platinum atom. In trans-Pt(NH3)2Cl2, the two chlorine atoms are on opposite sides (diagonal) of the platinum atom.
02

Method to Distinguish

A useful method to distinguish between cis-Pt(NH3)2Cl2 and trans-Pt(NH3)2Cl2 is by their reactivity with biological molecules. The cis isomer can react with DNA and hinder its replication, leading to its use as an anti-cancer drug (cisplatin). The trans isomer is not as effective, because its structure doesn't allow for the necessary interaction with DNA.
03

Other Physical Properties

There are also physical characteristics that can distinguish between the two forms. The cis isomer is polar, while the trans isomer is non-polar. The cis isomer also has a lower melting point and is more soluble in water than the trans isomer.

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