Chapter 22: Problem 17

Briefly explain the phenomenon of cooperativity exhibited by the hemoglobin molecule in binding oxygen.

Short Answer

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Cooperativity in hemoglobin refers to its ability to increase its affinity for oxygen as more oxygen molecules bind to the hemoglobin molecule. This is a significant biological feature that enables efficient oxygen transportation and delivery in different body tissues.

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Introduction to Hemoglobin and its function

Hemoglobin is a protein in the red blood cells that is responsible for transporting oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues and carbon dioxide from the tissues back to the lungs. It has a quaternary structure and is made up of four subunits: two alpha and two beta chains, each of which can bind to an oxygen molecule. Therefore, one hemoglobin molecule can bind to a maximum of four oxygen molecules.

Cooperativity in Hemoglobin Implied Through Its Structure

Cooperativity refers to the increased affinity for oxygen binding as more oxygen molecules are attached to the hemoglobin molecule. When the first oxygen molecule binds to a subunit of hemoglobin, this causes a conformational change in that subunit from a low affinity state (T state) to a high affinity state (R state), which facilitates the binding of the next oxygen molecule. Each subsequent binding of an oxygen molecule increases the hemoglobin's affinity for more oxygen. This is called the 'cooperative effect'.

Significance of Cooperativity

The presence of cooperativity ensures that hemoglobin is almost entirely saturated with oxygen in the oxygen-rich lungs, and can therefore deliver a sufficient amount of oxygen to the oxygen-deficient tissues. It also allows for efficient unloading of oxygen in tissues where it is needed. Without cooperativity, hemoglobin may not release enough oxygen to the tissues, or it may not pick up enough oxygen in the lungs. This has important implications for how the body functions, particularly during exercise when the demand for oxygen can greatly increase.

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Briefly explain the phenomenon of cooperativity exhibited by the hemoglobin molecule in binding oxygen.

Short Answer

Step by step solution

Introduction to Hemoglobin and its function

Cooperativity in Hemoglobin Implied Through Its Structure

Significance of Cooperativity

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