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Chapter 22: Problem 26

Describe the role of hydrogen bonding in maintaining the double-helical structure of DNA

Short Answer

Expert verified
Hydrogen bonds play a crucial role in maintaining the double-helical structure of DNA. They bind the nucleotides of one DNA strand with the nucleotides of the other strand. This stabilizes the DNA structure and maintains the consistency of the distance between the two strands, thus preserving the helix structure. They also facilitate essential processes like DNA replication and protein synthesis by allowing the easy separation of DNA strands.

Step by step solution

01

The Structure of DNA

DNA, or Deoxyribonucleic acid, is a molecule that carries most of the genetic instructions used in the development, functioning, and reproduction of all known living organisms. This molecule is composed of two strands forming a double helix. These strands are made of smaller units known as nucleotides.
02

The Composition of Nucleotides

Each nucleotide in DNA consists of a sugar molecule (deoxyribose), a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. There are four types of nitrogenous bases in DNA: Adenine (A), Cytosine (C), Guanine (G), and Thymine (T). Adenine and Guanine are classified as purines, while Cytosine and Thymine are pyrimidines.
03

The Formation of Hydrogen Bonds

The nucleotides in one strand of DNA bonds with the nucleotides in the other strand through hydrogen bonds. Specifically, Adenine forms a pair with Thymine via two hydrogen bonds, and Guanine pairs with Cytosine via three hydrogen bonds.
04

The role of Hydrogen Bonds

Hydrogen bonds stabilize the double helical structure of DNA. They maintain the consistency of the distance between the two DNA strands making the helix structure possible. In addition, these hydrogen bonds can be easily broken to allow the DNA strands to separate. This property is essential for processes such as DNA replication and protein synthesis.

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