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Chapter 3: Problem 35

Use ammonia \(\left(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\right)\) to explain what is meant by the percent composition by mass of a compound.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The percent composition by mass of Nitrogen (N) and Hydrogen (H) in Ammonia are approximately 82.20% and 17.80% respectively. This is derived by dividing the atomic weight of each component by the total molecular weight of the compound and then multiplying the result by 100.

Step by step solution

01

Breakdown of Ammonia

Ammonia (NH3) consists of one Nitrogen (N) atom and three Hydrogen (H) atoms. From the periodic table, the atomic weights of Nitrogen (N) and Hydrogen (H) are approximately 14.01g/mol and 1.01g/mol respectively.
02

Calculation of Total Mass of Ammonia

Calculate the total mass of ammonia (NH3) by adding the mass of one Nitrogen atom and the masses of three Hydrogen atoms. Thus, the molar mass of NH3 = \( 14.01g/mol (for N) + 3 \times 1.01g/mol (for 3H) = 17.04g/mol \).
03

Finding the Percent Composition

The percent composition by mass of each element in a compound is calculated by dividing the total mass of each element by the total molar mass of the compound and then multiplying the result by 100. So, the percent by mass of Nitrogen (N) in ammonia (NH3) = \( \frac {14.01g/mol}{17.04g/mol} \times 100 = 82.20\% \). Similarly, the percent by mass of Hydrogen (H) in ammonia (NH3) = \( \frac {3 \times 1.01g/mol}{17.04g/mol} \times 100 = 17.80\% \).

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