Hydrogen halides (HF, HCl, HBr, HI) are highly reactive compounds that have many industrial and laboratory uses. (a) In the laboratory, HF and HCl can be generated by reacting \(\mathrm{CaF}_{2}\) and \(\mathrm{NaCl}\) with concentrated sulfuric acid. Write appropriate equations for the reactions. (Hint: These are not redox reactions.) (b) Why is it that HBr and HI cannot be prepared similarly, that is, by reacting \(\mathrm{NaBr}\) and \(\mathrm{NaI}\) with concentrated sulfuric acid? (Hint: \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}\) is a stronger oxidizing agent than both \(\mathrm{Br}_{2}\) and \(\mathrm{I}_{2} .\) ) (c) \(\mathrm{HBr}\) can be prepared by reacting phosphorus tribromide \(\left(\mathrm{PBr}_{3}\right)\) with water. Write an equation for this reaction.

Step by step solution

01

Writing Equations for HF and HCl Generation

In laboratory, HF can be generated by reacting CaF2 with concentrated sulfuric acid: \\[\mathrm{CaF}_{2} + \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4} \rightarrow \mathrm{CaSO}_{4} + 2 \mathrm{HF}\\] Similarly, HCl can be generated by reacting NaCl with concentrated sulfuric acid: \\[\mathrm{NaCl} + \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4} \rightarrow \mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4} + \mathrm{HCl}\\]

02

Reasoning why HBr and HI can't be prepared similarly

HBr and HI cannot be prepared from NaBr and NaI respectively with concentrated sulphuric acid. This is because H2SO4 is a strong oxidising agent which oxidises Bromide and Iodide ions to Bromine and Iodine respectively.

03

Writing Equation for HBr Preparation

HBr can be prepared by reacting phosphorus tribromide (PBr3) with water. The balanced chemical equation for this reaction is as follows: \\[\mathrm{PBr}_{3} + 3 \mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O} \rightarrow \mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{PO}_{3} + 3 \mathrm{HBr}\\]

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

• Full Textbook Solutions

  Get detailed explanations and key concepts

• Unlimited Al creation

  Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

• Ads-free access

  To over 500 millions flashcards

• Money-back guarantee

  We refund you if you fail your exam.

Start your free trial

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with Vaia!