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Chapter 4: Problem 9

Identify each of the following substances as a strong electrolyte, weak electrolyte, or nonelectrolyte: (a) \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O},\) (b) \(\mathrm{KCl}\) (c) \(\mathrm{HNO}_{3}\) (d) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{COOH}\) (e) \(\mathrm{C}_{12} \mathrm{H}_{22} \mathrm{O}_{11}\).

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) H2O is a nonelectrolyte, (b) KCl is a strong electrolyte, (c) HNO3 is a strong electrolyte, (d) CH3COOH is a weak electrolyte, (e) C12H22O11 is a nonelectrolyte.

Step by step solution

01

Definitions and General Rules

Substances are categorized into strong electrolytes, weak electrolytes, and nonelectrolytes based on their behavior in aqueous solution. Strong electrolytes dissociate completely into ions and include strong acids (like HNO3), strong bases and salts (like KCl). Weak electrolytes only partially dissociate into ions and include weak acids (like CH3COOH) and weak bases. Nonelectrolytes do not produce ions when dissolved in water, and include substances like sugar (C12H22O11) and water (H2O).
02

Determining Electrolytic Nature

i(a) Water (H2O) is a nonelectrolyte as it does not dissociate into ions. \nii(b) Potassium chloride (KCl) is a salt and hence dissociates completely in water, making it a strong electrolyte. \niii(c) Nitric acid (HNO3) is a strong acid, so it is a strong electrolyte. \niv(d) Acetic acid (CH3COOH) is a weak acid and hence, is a weak electrolyte.\nv(e) Sugar (C12H22O11) is a nonelectrolyte as it does not dissociate into ions when dissolved in water.
03

Conclusion

The categorization of substances as strong electrolytes, weak electrolytes, or nonelectrolytes depends on their ability to dissociate into ions in aqueous solution, which is determined by their inherent chemical properties as acids, bases, salts, or other compounds.

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