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Chapter 5: Problem 10

If the maximum distance that water may be brought up a well by a suction pump is \(34 \mathrm{ft}(10.3 \mathrm{~m}),\) how is it possible to obtain water and oil from hundreds of feet below the surface of Earth?

Short Answer

Expert verified
Water and oil can be extracted from hundreds of feet below the Earth's surface through the use of different types of pumps like positive displacement pumps. These pumps can overcome the limitations of suction pumps by working on the principle of trapping and displacing fluid, rather than relying on atmospheric pressure.

Step by step solution

01

Understand Suction Pumps

It's important to first understand that suction pumps function by creating a vacuum at the pump inlet which causes atmospheric pressure to force the liquid up into the pump. The working principle of a suction pump limits its maximum lifting height to the amount of atmospheric pressure. Because atmospheric pressure at sea level is equivalent to about 34 feet (10.3 meters) of water column, this is the maximum height from which water can be 'sucked' up in an ideal scenario.
02

Explore Other Types of Pumps

To ease the limitations of suction pumps, other types of pumps based on different principles are often used for extracting fluids from great depths. A common example includes positive displacement pumps.
03

Explain Positive Displacement Pumps

Positive displacement pumps work on a different principle. They have a mechanism that first 'traps' a certain amount of fluid at the pump inlet, then displaces that trapped volume into the discharge pipe. Examples of such pumps are piston pumps and gear pumps. With the right engineering, these types of pumps can extract fluids from great depths, and are therefore often used in deep wells and oil extraction from the Earth's crust.

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A compound of \(P\) and \(F\) was analyzed as follows: Heating \(0.2324 \mathrm{~g}\) of the compound in a \(378-\mathrm{cm}^{3}\) container turned all of it to gas, which had a pressure of \(97.3 \mathrm{mmHg}\) at \(77^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). Then the gas was mixed with calcium chloride solution, which turned all of the \(F\) to \(0.2631 \mathrm{~g}\) of \(\mathrm{CaF}_{2} .\) Determine the molecular formula of the compound.

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