Chapter 5: Problem 20
At \(46^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) a sample of ammonia gas exerts a pressure of \(5.3 \mathrm{~atm} .\) What is the pressure when the volume of the gas is reduced to one-tenth (0.10) of the original value at the same temperature?
Short Answer
Expert verified
The pressure of the gas when its volume is reduced to one-tenth of the original value at the same temperature is \(53 \, atm\).
Step by step solution
01
Boyle's Law Statement and formula
According to Boyle's Law, the pressure and volume of a gas have an inverse relationship when the temperature is held constant. This is represented by the formula: \(P1 × V1 = P2 × V2\), where P1 and V1 are the initial pressure and volume, and P2 and V2 are the pressure and volume of the gas after change.
02
Substitute the Given Values in Boyle's Law
In this problem, the initial pressure P1 is given as 5.3 atm, and the initial volume V1 is reduced to 0.10 of its original value (V2 = 0.10V1). Therefore, the formula becomes: \(5.3 \times V1 = P2 \times 0.10 V1\), which simplifies to \(P2 = \frac{5.3}{0.10} \).
03
Calculate the Final Pressure
The new pressure, P2, can be found by dividing 5.3 by 0.10. Which results in \(53 \, atm\). Meaning, if the volume decreases by tenfold, the pressure increases by the same factor, hence becomes ten times the initial pressure. This validates Boyle's Law.
Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!
-
Full Textbook Solutions
Get detailed explanations and key concepts
-
Unlimited Al creation
Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...
-
Ads-free access
To over 500 millions flashcards
-
Money-back guarantee
We refund you if you fail your exam.
Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with Vaia!
Key Concepts
These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.
Boyle's Law
Understanding Boyle's Law is essential for students delving into the behaviors of gases. This fundamental principle states that the pressure of a given mass of an ideal gas is inversely proportional to its volume when the temperature remains constant. In a simpler form, if you decrease the volume of the gas, the pressure increases, and vice versa, assuming the amount of gas and the temperature do not change.
Boyle's Law is mathematically expressed as: \( P1 \times V1 = P2 \times V2 \), where \( P1 \) and \( V1 \) represent the initial pressure and volume of the gas, and \( P2 \) and \( V2 \) are the changed values after the adjustment of volume. It's a direct representation of the pressure-volume relationship and is one of the cornerstone concepts in chemistry education.
For effective learning, visual aids such as graphs depicting isotherms can be extremely helpful. An isotherm is a curve on a graph that represents constant temperature, where Boyle’s Law can be showcased graphically as a hyperbolic curve, proving the inverse relationship between pressure and volume.
Boyle's Law is mathematically expressed as: \( P1 \times V1 = P2 \times V2 \), where \( P1 \) and \( V1 \) represent the initial pressure and volume of the gas, and \( P2 \) and \( V2 \) are the changed values after the adjustment of volume. It's a direct representation of the pressure-volume relationship and is one of the cornerstone concepts in chemistry education.
For effective learning, visual aids such as graphs depicting isotherms can be extremely helpful. An isotherm is a curve on a graph that represents constant temperature, where Boyle’s Law can be showcased graphically as a hyperbolic curve, proving the inverse relationship between pressure and volume.
Gas Laws
Gas laws are a fundamental part of chemistry education, offering insight into the predictability and behavior of gases under different conditions. Aside from Boyle's Law, there are additional laws like Charles's Law, which deals with the volume and temperature relationship, and Avogadro's Law, which describes how volume correlates with the amount of gas at constant temperature and pressure. These principles, along with Gay-Lussac's Law and the Combined Gas Law, create a comprehensive understanding of the thermodynamic properties of gases. By integrating the gas laws together, students can progress to more complex concepts like the Ideal Gas Law, which combines all the individual gas laws into one equation connecting pressure, volume, temperature, and the number of molecules of a gas.
Students seeking mastery in this area should aim at performing practical experiments whenever possible, like changing the volume of a syringe to observe changes in pressure, or vice versa, to solidify their understanding of these concepts.
Students seeking mastery in this area should aim at performing practical experiments whenever possible, like changing the volume of a syringe to observe changes in pressure, or vice versa, to solidify their understanding of these concepts.
Chemistry Education
Chemistry education is not just about memorizing formulas and laws; it’s about understanding the principles behind these concepts and applying them to solve problems. It frequently utilizes a context-based learning approach, where students are presented with real-world situations. This approach helps them better grasp the abstract theories of chemistry by applying them to tangible, everyday phenomena.
A key element in teaching Boyle's Law, for instance, is to encourage critical thinking, where students predict the outcomes based on their understanding of the law and then experiment to test their hypotheses. Effective chemistry education often employs interactive labs, dynamic simulations, and problem-solving sessions that allow students to visualize and manipulate variables like pressure and volume. This hands-on experience helps to develop a deeper comprehension and retention of the material.
A key element in teaching Boyle's Law, for instance, is to encourage critical thinking, where students predict the outcomes based on their understanding of the law and then experiment to test their hypotheses. Effective chemistry education often employs interactive labs, dynamic simulations, and problem-solving sessions that allow students to visualize and manipulate variables like pressure and volume. This hands-on experience helps to develop a deeper comprehension and retention of the material.
Pressure and Volume Relationship
The pressure and volume relationship, as shown through Boyle's Law, is an inverse relationship crucial to many fields, including respiratory physiology, engineering, and even meteorology. In practice, this concept can be observed when using a pump to inflate a bicycle tire: pressing down on the pump reduces its volume and increases the air pressure, which in turn inflates the tire.
One method to improve the understanding of this relationship is using visualization tools, such as graphing the pressure versus the inverse of the volume. This method results in a straight line, indicating the inverse proportionality. Another excellent demonstrative example is a syringe filled with air — when the plunger is pulled, the volume inside increases and the air pressure decreases, which can be measured with proper equipment. These visual and physical models can greatly enhance a student's grasp of the pressure-volume relationship.
One method to improve the understanding of this relationship is using visualization tools, such as graphing the pressure versus the inverse of the volume. This method results in a straight line, indicating the inverse proportionality. Another excellent demonstrative example is a syringe filled with air — when the plunger is pulled, the volume inside increases and the air pressure decreases, which can be measured with proper equipment. These visual and physical models can greatly enhance a student's grasp of the pressure-volume relationship.