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Chapter 5: Problem 27

List the characteristics of an ideal gas.

Short Answer

Expert verified
An ideal gas is made up of very tiny and random hard spherical particles (molecules). The number of molecules is so large that statistical treatment can be applied. They are far apart compared to their size and there are no forces of attraction between them or between them and the walls of the container. Collisions between molecules or between molecules and container walls are perfectly elastic and the motion of the molecules is random and in straight lines until collision causes a direction change. The average kinetic energy of the molecules is directly proportional to the absolute temperature.

Step by step solution

01

Characteristic 1

Ideal gases are made up of microscopic particles called molecules. These particles are considered to be tiny, hard spheres which are in perpetual, random motion.
02

Characteristic 2

The number of molecules is very large, so that a statistical treatment can be applied to them.
03

Characteristic 3

The gas molecules are very far apart compared to their size, so the actual volume of molecules is negligible compared to the total volume in which the gas is contained.
04

Characteristic 4

There is no force of attraction between gas molecules or between the molecules and the walls of the container.
05

Characteristic 5

The collisions between gas molecules or between the molecules and the walls of the container are perfectly elastic. This means the total kinetic energy of the system of gas molecules is conserved.
06

Characteristic 6

The average kinetic energy of gas molecules is directly proportional to the absolute temperature. All gases at a given temperature have the same average kinetic energy.
07

Characteristic 7

The motion of the gas molecules is random and in straight lines until a collision causes a direction change.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Molecular chlorine and molecular fluorine combine to form a gaseous product. Under the same conditions of temperature and pressure it is found that one volume of \(\mathrm{Cl}_{2}\) reacts with three volumes of \(\mathrm{F}_{2}\) to yield two volumes of the product. What is the formula of the product?

A barometer having a cross-sectional area of \(1.00 \mathrm{~cm}^{2}\) at sea level measures a pressure of \(76.0 \mathrm{~cm}\) of mercury. The pressure exerted by this column of mercury is equal to the pressure exerted by all the air on \(1 \mathrm{~cm}^{2}\) of Earth's surface. Given that the density of mercury is \(13.6 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{mL},\) and the average radius of Earth is \(6371 \mathrm{~km}\), calculate the total mass of Earth's atmosphere in kilograms.

Write the ideal gas equation and also state it in words. Give the units for each term in the equation.

The pressure of \(6.0 \mathrm{~L}\) of an ideal gas in a flexible container is decreased to one-third of its original pressure, and its absolute temperature is decreased by one-half. What is the final volume of the gas?

Name five elements and five compounds that exist as gases at room temperature.
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