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Chapter 7: Problem 70

List the hydrogen orbitals in increasing order of energy.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The energy levels of hydrogen orbitals increase in the following order: 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p, 6s, 4f, 5d, 6p, 7s, 5f, 6d, 7p, (and so on).

Step by step solution

01

Understanding Hydrogen Atom

A hydrogen atom has only one electron. In an atom, the electron configuration refers to the distribution of electrons in atomic or molecular orbitals. For the hydrogen atom, this task is straightforward as there is only one electron to place in an orbital.
02

Energy Levels in Hydrogen Atom

The energy levels of hydrogen are determined by the quantum numbers: n is the principal quantum number, and l is the azimuthal quantum number. The energy of an orbital increases as the sum of the quantum numbers, (n + l), increase. In a hydrogen atom, the 1s level (n=1, l=0) is the lowest energy level.
03

Listing the Orbitals by Increasing Energy Levels

Following the (n+l) rule, if two orbitals have the same (n+l) value, the one with lower n has lower energy. Therefore, the energy levels of hydrogen orbitals increase in the following order - 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p, 6s, 4f, 5d, 6p, 7s, 5f, 6d, 7p, (and so on).

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Explain what is meant by the photoelectric effect.

The electron configuration of a neutral atom is \(1 s^{2} 2 s^{2} 2 p^{6} 3 s^{2} .\) Write a complete set of quantum numbers for each of the electrons. Name the element.

When an electron makes a transition between energy levels of a hydrogen atom, there are no restrictions on the initial and final values of the principal quantum number \(n\). However, there is a quantum mechanical rule that restricts the initial and final values of the orbital angular momentum \(\ell\). This is the selection rule, which states that \(\Delta \ell=\pm 1,\) that is, in a transition, the value of \(\ell\) can only increase or decrease by one. According to this rule, which of the following transitions are allowed: (a) \(1 s \longrightarrow 2 s\), (b) \(2 p \longrightarrow 1 s\) (c) \(1 s \longrightarrow 3 d\) (d) \(3 d \longrightarrow 4 f\), (e) \(4 d \longrightarrow 3 s ?\)

The atomic number of an element is \(73 .\) Is this element diamagnetic or paramagnetic?

Explain how astronomers are able to tell which elements are present in distant stars by analyzing the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the stars.
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