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Chapter 8: Problem 3

Describe the general layout of a modern periodic table.

Short Answer

Expert verified
A modern periodic table is divided into s-, p-, d-, and f-blocks, with elements arranged in increasing order of atomic numbers. Each cell contains an element's chemical symbol, atomic number, and atomic weight, and possibly its state of matter at room temperature. Special groups include alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, halogens, and noble gases, along with transition metals.

Step by step solution

01

Identify the Main Divisions

The modern periodic table is generally divided into 4 blocks: the s-block, the p-block, the d-block, and the f-block. The s-block and p-block collectively form the representative elements (main group), while the d-block forms the transition metals, and the f-block houses the lanthanides and actinides.
02

Understand the Arrangement

Elements within the periodic table are arranged in increasing order according to their atomic numbers. They are placed in specific periods (rows) and groups (columns). There are seven periods and 18 groups in the modern periodic table. The group number signifies the number of valence electrons in an element's outermost shell, whereas the period number indicates the number of shells or energy levels in an atom.
03

Acknowledge the Info within Cell

Each cell or box of the periodic table contains detailed information about an element. This typically includes the element's chemical symbol, atomic number, atomic weight, and (in some versions) other properties such as the element’s state of matter (solid, liquid, gas) at room temperature.
04

Note the Special Groups

There are specific groups on the periodic table that have given names due to shared properties. These include group 1 (alkali metals), group 2 (alkaline earth metals), group 17 (halogens), and group 18 (noble gases). The elements in groups 3-12 are known as transition metals.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Give the physical states (gas, liquid, or solid) of the representative elements in the fourth period at 1 atm and \(25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}: \mathrm{K}, \mathrm{Ca}, \mathrm{Ga}, \mathrm{Ge}, \mathrm{As}, \mathrm{Se}, \mathrm{Br}\).

Which of these elements are metals, nonmetals, and metalloids: \(\mathrm{As}, \mathrm{Xe}, \mathrm{Fe}, \mathrm{Li}, \mathrm{B}, \mathrm{Cl}, \mathrm{Ba}, \mathrm{P}, \mathrm{I}, \mathrm{Si} ?\)

Indicate whether these elements exist as atomic species, molecular species, or extensive three dimensional structures in their most stable state at \(25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) and \(1 \mathrm{~atm},\) and write the molecular or empirical formula for the elements: phosphorus, iodine, magnesium, neon, arsenic, sulfur, carbon, selenium, and oxygen.

What is the characteristic of the electron configuration of stable ions derived from representative elements?

Predict (and give balanced equations for) the reactions between each of these oxides and water: (a) \(\mathrm{Li}_{2} \mathrm{O},\) (b) \(\mathrm{CaO}\) (c) \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\).
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