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Chapter 8: Problem 4

What is the most important relationship among elements in the same group in the periodic table?

Short Answer

Expert verified
The most important relationship among elements in the same group in the periodic table is that they have the same number of valence electrons. This feature defines their chemical properties.

Step by step solution

01

Understand the Grouping Principle of the Periodic Table

The periodic table classifies chemical elements based on their atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties. Elements are arranged into 'groups' which are the vertical columns of the table. Each group contains elements that have similar chemical properties.
02

Identifying the Shared Traits Among Elements in the Same Group

A key trait that elements in the same group share is the number of valence electrons, i.e., the number of electrons in the outermost shell of their atomic structure. This is crucial as it determines an element's chemical behavior, and hence, forms the primary connection between elements in the same group in the periodic table.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Name the ions with +3 charges that have these electron configurations: (a) \([\mathrm{Ar}] 3 d^{3},(\mathrm{~b})[\mathrm{Ar}],\) (c) \([\mathrm{Kr}] 4 d^{6}\) (d) \([\mathrm{Xe}] 4 f^{14} 5 d^{6}\)

Define valence electrons. For representative elements, the number of yalence electrons of an element is equal to its group number. Show that this is true for the following elements: \(\mathrm{Al}, \mathrm{Sr}, \mathrm{K}, \mathrm{Br}, \mathrm{P}, \mathrm{S}, \mathrm{C}\).

The \(\mathrm{H}^{-}\) ion and the He atom have two \(1 \mathrm{~s}\) electrons each. Which of the two species is larger? Explain.

Arrange the elements in each of these groups in order of increasing electron affinity: (a) \(\mathrm{Li}, \mathrm{Na}, \mathrm{K}\) (b) \(\mathrm{F}, \mathrm{Cl}, \mathrm{Br}, \mathrm{I}\)

Write ground-state electron configurations for these ions: (a) \(\mathrm{Li}^{+},\) (b) \(\mathrm{H}^{-}\), (c) \(\mathrm{N}^{3-},\) (d) \(\mathrm{F}^{-},\) (e) \(\mathrm{S}^{2-}\) (f) \(\mathrm{Al}^{3+},(\mathrm{g}) \mathrm{Se}^{2-}\) (h) \(\mathrm{Br}^{-}\) (i) \(\mathrm{Rb}^{+},(\mathrm{j}) \mathrm{Sr}^{2+},(\mathrm{k}) \mathrm{Sn}^{2+}\)
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