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Chapter 9: Problem 19

For each of the following pairs of elements, state whether the binary compound they form is likely to be ionic or covalent. Write the empirical formula and name of the compound: (a) I and \(\mathrm{Cl}\), (b) \(\mathrm{Mg}\) and \(\mathrm{F}\).

Short Answer

Expert verified
For pair (a) I and Cl, the bond type is covalent, the formula is ICl and the name is iodine chloride. For pair (b) Mg and F, the bond type is ionic, the formula is MgF2 and the name is magnesium fluoride.

Step by step solution

01

Determine the type of bond for pair (a) I and Cl

Both Iodine (I) and Chlorine (Cl) are nonmetals. Therefore, the bond that forms between them is covalent.
02

Write the empirical formula and name for pair (a)

In a covalent bond, the empirical formula is simply the combination of the elements. Therefore, the empirical formula for a compound of iodine and chlorine is ICl. The name of the compound follows the pattern 'first element + second element + ide', therefore it is named 'iodine chloride'.
03

Determine the type of bond for pair (b) Mg and F

Magnesium (Mg) is a metal, and Fluorine (F) is a nonmetal. Therefore, the bond that forms between them is ionic.
04

Write the empirical formula and name for pair (b)

In an ionic bond, the metal loses electrons to the non-metal till both have a full outer shell. Magnesium (Mg) needs to lose two electrons to have full outer shell. Fluorine (F), on the other hand, needs to gain one electron to have a full outer shell. Therefore, one magnesium atom will combine with two fluorine atoms to form MgF2. The name of the compound is 'magnesium fluoride'.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Write Lewis structures for these ions: (a) \(\mathrm{O}_{2}^{2-}\), (b) \(\mathrm{C}_{2}^{2-},\) (c) \(\mathrm{NO}^{+}\), (d) \(\mathrm{NH}_{4}^{+}\). Show formal charges.

Explain how the lattice energy of an ionic compound such as \(\mathrm{KCl}\) can be determined using the Born-Haber cycle. On what law is this procedure based?

Explain why ions with charges greater than 3 are seldom found in ionic compounds.

In the vapor phase, beryllium chloride consists of discrete molecular units \(\mathrm{BeCl}_{2}\). Is the octet rule satisfied for Be in this compound? If not, can you form an octet around Be by drawing another resonance structure? How plausible is this structure?

Define bond enthalpy. Bond enthalpies of polyatomic molecules are average values. Why?
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