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Chapter 18: Problem 60

Complete the following nuclear reactions. \begin{equation}a. _{5}^{12} \mathrm{B} \rightarrow_{6}^{12} \mathrm{C}+?\end{equation} \begin{equation}b. _{89}^{225} \mathrm{Ac} \longrightarrow_{87}^{221} \mathrm{Fr}+?\end{equation} \begin{equation}\mathbf{c.}_{28}^{63} \mathrm{Ni} \longrightarrow ?+_{-1}^{0} e\end{equation} \begin{equation}\mathbf{d} \cdot_{83}^{212} \mathrm{Bi} \rightarrow ?+_{2}^{4} \mathrm{He}\end{equation}

Short Answer

Expert verified
The missing components for the reactions are: a) a Beta particle b) an alpha particle c) Copper nucleus d) Thallium nucleus

Step by step solution

01

Completing Reaction a

Here we observe that the atomic number changes from 5 to 6, hence we must have lost a -1 charge, denoting a beta particle. The reaction can be written as \( _{5}^{12} B → _{6}^{12} C + _{-1}^{0}\beta \)
02

Completing Reaction b

The atomic number decreases by 2 and the mass number decreases by 4. Hence, the missing particle in this case is an alpha particle. The reaction can be written as \( _{89}^{225} Ac → _{87}^{221} Fr + _{2}^{4}\alpha \)
03

Completing Reaction c

In this reaction, there is an emission of an electron particle. Therefore, the atomic number must increase by one. The resultant nucleus is thus named Copper. Hence the reaction can be written as \( _{28}^{63} Ni → _{29}^{63} Cu + _{-1}^{0} e \)
04

Completing Reaction d

Just like in step 2, the emission of the alpha particle means a reduction in atomic number by 2 and mass number by 4. Hence, the missing nucleus is Thallium. The reaction can be written as \( _{83}^{212} Bi → _{81}^{208} Tl + _{2}^{4} He \)

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Identify which of the four common types of nuclear radiation (beta, neutron, alpha, or gamma) correspond to the following descriptions: \begin{equation}\begin{array}{l}{\text { a. an electron }} \\ {\text { b. uncharged particle }} \\ {\text { c. can be stopped by a piece of paper }} \\\ {\text { d. high-energy light }}\end{array}\end{equation}

Write the nuclear equation for the release of an alpha particle by \(_{70}^{157} \mathrm{Yb} .\)

Determine whether each of the following nuclear reactions involves alpha decay, beta decay, positron emission, or electron capture. \begin{equation}\begin{array}{l}{\text { a. }_{90}^{234} \mathrm{Th} \rightarrow_{-1}^{0} e+_{91}^{234} \mathrm{Pa}} \\ {\text { b. }_{92}^{238} \mathrm{U} \longrightarrow_{2}^{4} \mathrm{He}+_{90}^{234} \mathrm{Th}} \\\ {\text { c. }_{8}^{15} \mathrm{O} \longrightarrow_{+1}^{0} e+_{7}^{15} \mathrm{N}}\end{array}\end{equation}

Describe what happens to unstable nuclei.

Compare the penetrating powers of alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays.
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