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Chapter 19: Problem 30

Explain what hydrogenation is.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Hydrogenation is a chemical reaction where molecular hydrogen (H2) is added to a compound, often with the usage of a catalyst. It is commonly involved with carbon compounds and used in the food industry to harden vegetable oils.

Step by step solution

01

Definition of Hydrogenation

Hydrogenation is a chemical reaction where molecular hydrogen (H2) is added to a compound. This process typically requires a catalyst to speed up the reaction.
02

Process of Hydrogenation

In the process of hydrogenation, the compound that the hydrogen is added to usually has either a double or a triple bond between carbon atoms, where the hydrogen can be inserted. The reaction requires specific conditions of temperature and pressure and is speeded up by a catalyst, often a metal such as platinum.
03

Application of Hydrogenation

Hydrogenation has a wide range of applications, especially in the food industry. For example, it is used in the production of margarine where it is used to harden vegetable oils.

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Graphing Calculator Hydrocarbon formulas The graphing calculator can run a program that can tell you the formula of any straight-chain hydrocarbon, provided you indicate the number of carbons and the number of double bonds in the compound. Go to Appendix C. If you are using a TI-83 Plus, you can download the program HYDROCAR and run the application as directed. If you are using another calculator, your teacher will provide you with key-strokes and data sets to use. At the prompts, enter the number of carbon atoms and the number of double bonds in the molecule. Run the program as needed to answer the following questions. $$\begin{array}{l}{\text { a. Dodecane is an alkane with } 12 \text { carbons and }} \\ {\text { no double bonds. What is ts formula? }} \\ {\text { b. The name } 1,5 \text { -hexadiene describes a mole- }} \\ {\text { cule with six carbons (hexa-) and two double }} \\ {\text { bonds (-diene). What is its formula? }}\end{array}$$ $$\begin{array}{l}{\text { c. What is the formula for } 1,3,5 \text { -hexatriene? }} \\ {\text { d. What is the formula for } 3 \text { -nonene? }} \\ {\text { e. What is the formula for } 1,3,5,7 \text { -octatetraene? }} \\\ {\text { f. What is the formula for } 2,4,6 \text { -octatriene? }}\end{array}$$
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