Calculate Numbers of Protons, Electrons, and Neutrons. A graphing calculator can run a program that calculates the numbers of protons, electrons, and neutrons given the atomic mass and numbers for an atom. For example,given a calcium-40 atom, you will calculate the numbers of protons, electrons, and neutrons in the atom. Go to Appendix C. If you are using a TI-83 Plus, you can download the program NUMBER and data and can run the applica- tion as directed. If you are using another calculator, your teacher will provide you with keystrokes and data sets to use. After you have run the program, answer the questions below. \begin{equation} \begin{array}{l}{\text { a. Which element has the most protons? }} \\ {\text { b. How many neutrons does mercury-zol }} \\ {\text { have? }} \\ {\text { c. Carbon-12 and carbon-14 have the same }} \\ {\text { atomic number. Do they have the same }} \\ {\text { number of neutrons? Why or why not? }}\end{array} \end{equation}

Step by step solution

01

Understand Atomic Structure

An atom consists of three types of particles: protons, electrons, and neutrons. The number of protons and electrons is equal to the atomic number of the element. The number of neutrons is determined by subtracting the atomic number from the given atomic mass.

02

Determine Number of Protons, Electrons, and Neutrons in Calcium-40

The atomic number of Calcium is 20. Hence, the number of protons and electrons is 20. The number of neutrons is calculated by subtracting the atomic number from the atomic mass, 40 - 20 = 20.

03

Determine which Element has the Most Protons

The element with the most protons is the element with the highest atomic number. Since, this question is not clear without providing the list of elements, no specific element can be identified.

04

Calculate Number of Neutrons in Mercury-201

The atomic number of Mercury is 80, hence it contains 80 protons and electrons. The atomic mass for Mercury-201 is 201 (indicated by the number after the dash). The number of neutrons is calculated by subtracting the atomic number from the atomic mass, 201 - 80 = 121.

05

Compare Neutrons in Carbon-12 and Carbon-14

Atoms of an element having the same atomic number but different mass numbers are called isotope. Carbon-12 and Carbon-14 are isotopes of Carbon with the same atomic number, 6, but different mass numbers, 12 and 14 respectively. In Carbon-12, the number of neutrons is 12 - 6 = 6. In Carbon-14, the number of neutrons is 14 - 6 = 8. Hence, Carbon-12 and Carbon-14 do not have the same number of neutrons.

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

• Full Textbook Solutions

  Get detailed explanations and key concepts

• Unlimited Al creation

  Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

• Ads-free access

  To over 500 millions flashcards

• Money-back guarantee

  We refund you if you fail your exam.

Start your free trial

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with Vaia!