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Chapter 2: Problem 57

Performance Obtain three metal samples from your teacher. Determine the mass and volume of each sample. Calculate the density of each metal from your measurement data. (Hint: Consider using the water displacement technique to measure the volume of your samples.)

Short Answer

Expert verified
Measure mass and volume for each sample, then use the formula for density: \(\text{Density} = \frac{\text{Mass}}{\text{Volume}}\).

Step by step solution

01

- Obtain Metal Samples

Collect three metal samples from the teacher. Label them as Sample A, Sample B, and Sample C for identification.
02

- Measure Mass

Use a balance to measure the mass of each sample. Record the mass in grams (g) for each sample.
03

- Measure Volume Using Water Displacement

Fill a graduated cylinder with water and record the initial volume. Carefully submerge each metal sample one at a time and record the new water level. The volume of the sample is the difference between the initial and final water levels. Record the volume in milliliters (mL) or cubic centimeters (cm³), noting that 1 mL = 1 cm³.
04

- Calculate Density

Use the formula for density: \[ \text{Density} = \frac{\text{Mass}}{\text{Volume}} \] Calculate the density for each sample by dividing its mass by its volume.
05

- Record and Compare Densities

Record the densities of Sample A, Sample B, and Sample C. Compare the values to predict the type of metal based on known densities of various metals.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

mass measurement
Mass measurement is a crucial step in calculating density, as density is defined as the mass of an object divided by its volume. To measure the mass of metal samples, we use a balance. Here are some handy tips for measuring mass accurately:
  • Calibrate the balance before using it to ensure accurate readings.
  • Place the sample gently on the balance to avoid shifting, which could distort the measurement.
  • Record the mass in grams (g) for consistency with other scientific measurements.
This step sets the foundation for the entire density calculation process.
water displacement technique
The water displacement technique is a practical way to measure the volume of irregularly-shaped objects, like metal samples. This method is based on the principle that a fully submerged object displaces an amount of water equal to its own volume. Here’s a simple guide to perform the water displacement technique:
  • Fill a graduated cylinder with water and record the initial volume.
  • Carefully submerge the metal sample in the water without spilling any water out of the cylinder.
  • Record the new volume after submersion.
  • The volume of the metal sample is the difference between the initial and final water levels.
It's helpful to remember that 1 milliliter (mL) is equivalent to 1 cubic centimeter (cm³), so you can use either unit interchangeably for volume measurements.
metal samples
Using metal samples in density calculations provides a hands-on way to understand this important property. Metal samples come in various types with distinct densities, which helps in learning more about different metals. Here are some general tips for working with metal samples:
  • Ensure that the samples are clean and dry before measuring their mass and volume, as dirt or moisture can affect accuracy.
  • Label each sample as Sample A, Sample B, and Sample C for clear identification and record-keeping.
  • After obtaining the mass and volume, use the formula for density: \( \text{Density} = \frac{\text{Mass}}{\text{Volume}} \). This calculation will give you the density of each metal sample.
Comparing the calculated densities with known densities of various metals can help in identifying the type of metal. This exercise not only establishes the concept of density but also reinforces practical laboratory skills.

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