Chapter 23: Problem 41

Using Analogies Explain why the model of enzyme action is called the lock-and- key model.

Short Answer

Expert verified

The 'lock-and-key' model explains that enzymes and substrates fit together specifically, like a key fits into a lock, enabling the enzyme to catalyze a reaction.

Step by step solution

- Understand the Lock-and-Key Analogy

The 'lock-and-key' model compares an enzyme to a lock and its substrate to a key. Just as a specific key fits into a specific lock, a specific substrate fits into the active site of an enzyme.

- Enzyme and Substrate Specificity

An enzyme has an active site with a unique shape that only fits a substrate with a matching shape, similar to how a lock is designed to fit only one specific key.

- Binding Process

When the substrate (key) binds to the enzyme's active site (lock), it forms an enzyme-substrate complex. This precise fit initiates the chemical reaction.

- Resulting Reaction

Just as turning the right key in a lock opens the lock, the enzyme catalyzes the reaction when the correct substrate binds, leading to the formation of products.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

enzyme action

Enzymes are special proteins that speed up chemical reactions in the body. They are known as biological catalysts. Think of enzymes as helpers. They make reactions happen faster and more efficiently. An enzyme works by binding to a specific molecule called a substrate. This attaches at a particular spot on the enzyme called the active site. The whole process happens without the enzyme being changed, so it can be used again and again. This is very important for keeping the body running smoothly and efficiently.

substrate specificity

The term 'substrate specificity' refers to the idea that each enzyme only works with a specific substrate. Similar to finding the right key for a lock, the substrate must have a shape that fits into the enzyme's active site. This is very important because it ensures that enzymes only catalyze the correct reactions. The active site of an enzyme has a unique shape, and only one substrate fits into it perfectly. This concept prevents unwanted reactions from occurring and helps maintain control over the many reactions happening in the body. If the shape of the substrate does not match the active site, the enzyme won't be able to bind to it or facilitate its reaction.

enzyme-substrate complex

When the right substrate binds to the right enzyme, they form a temporary molecule known as the enzyme-substrate complex. This complex is crucial because it lowers the activation energy required for the reaction to occur. To form this complex, the substrate fits into the enzyme's active site like a key in a lock. Once they are bound together, the enzyme catalyzes the reaction, leading to the production of the final products. After the reaction, the enzyme releases the products and is ready to bind to a new substrate, starting the process all over again. This cyclical nature of enzyme action is vital for maintaining the flow of biochemical processes in cells.

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Using Analogies Explain why the model of enzyme action is called the lock-and- key model.

Short Answer

Step by step solution

- Understand the Lock-and-Key Analogy

- Enzyme and Substrate Specificity

- Binding Process

- Resulting Reaction

Key Concepts

enzyme action

substrate specificity

enzyme-substrate complex

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