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Mobile App Chapter 7: Problem 15
Give the molecular formula for each of the following acids: a. sulfurous acid b. chloric acid c. hydrochloric acid d. hypochlorous acid e. perchloric acid f. carbonic acid g. acetic acid
Short Answer
Expert verified
H₂SO₃, HClO₃, HCl, HClO, HClO₄, H₂CO₃, CH₃COOH
Step by step solution
01
Identify the Acid
For each given acid, identify its name and determine its corresponding molecular formula.
02
Sulfurous Acid
Sulfurous acid is derived from sulfur and has the formula: \( H_2SO_3 \)
03
Chloric Acid
Chloric acid is derived from chlorine in its +5 oxidation state and has the formula: \( HClO_3 \)
04
Hydrochloric Acid
Hydrochloric acid is made of hydrogen and chlorine and has the formula: \( HCl \)
05
Hypochlorous Acid
Hypochlorous acid is derived from chlorine in its +1 oxidation state and has the formula: \( HClO \)
06
Perchloric Acid
Perchloric acid is derived from chlorine in its +7 oxidation state and has the formula: \( HClO_4 \)
07
Carbonic Acid
Carbonic acid is derived from carbon dioxide dissolved in water and has the formula: \( H_2CO_3 \)
08
Acetic Acid
Acetic acid is derived from the fermentation of ethanol and has the formula: \( CH_3COOH \)
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Key Concepts
These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.
sulfurous acid formula
Sulfurous acid is a weak acid known for its use in the chemical industry. It is derived from sulfur dioxide (SO2) dissolved in water. The molecular formula of sulfurous acid is \( H_2SO_3 \). This formula indicates that it contains two hydrogen (H) atoms, one sulfur (S) atom, and three oxygen (O) atoms. Understanding this formula is critical for recognizing sulfurous acid's properties and behavior in chemical reactions. When sulfur dioxide reacts with water, it forms sulfurous acid, which can further ionize to produce bisulfite and sulfite ions.
chloric acid formula
Chloric acid is a powerful oxidizing agent, often used in the production of chemicals and explosives. It is derived from chlorine in its +5 oxidation state. The molecular formula of chloric acid is \( HClO_3 \). This means it consists of one hydrogen (H) atom, one chlorine (Cl) atom, and three oxygen (O) atoms. The presence of the chlorine atom in a high oxidation state makes chloric acid very reactive. Its ability to act as an oxidizer is due to the strong tendency of chlorine to gain electrons and reduce itself.
hydrochloric acid formula
Hydrochloric acid, commonly known as muriatic acid, is frequently used in cleaning and pH regulation. It is composed of hydrogen and chlorine atoms. The molecular formula of hydrochloric acid is \( HCl \). This simple formula implies that it consists of one hydrogen (H) atom and one chlorine (Cl) atom. Hydrochloric acid is a strong acid, meaning it completely dissociates in water to release hydrogen ions (H+) and chloride ions (Cl-). This property makes it highly effective in processes requiring rapid pH adjustment.
hypochlorous acid formula
Hypochlorous acid is known for its antibacterial properties and is often used as a disinfectant. It is derived from chlorine in its +1 oxidation state. The molecular formula for hypochlorous acid is \( HClO \). This indicates it contains one hydrogen (H) atom, one chlorine (Cl) atom, and one oxygen (O) atom. Hypochlorous acid is a weak acid, meaning it does not completely dissociate in water. Instead, it exists in a balance between the undissociated form (HClO) and its component ions (H+ and ClO-), which contributes to its mildness and effectiveness as a disinfectant.
perchloric acid formula
Perchloric acid is one of the strongest acids known and is highly reactive. It is derived from chlorine in its +7 oxidation state. The molecular formula of perchloric acid is \( HClO_4 \). This formula shows it has one hydrogen (H) atom, one chlorine (Cl) atom, and four oxygen (O) atoms. The high oxidation state of chlorine in perchloric acid makes it a powerful oxidizing agent, which can be dangerous if not handled properly. It is used primarily in analytical chemistry and materials science due to its strong acidic and oxidative properties.
carbonic acid formula
Carbonic acid is an essential intermediate in the carbon cycle and is formed when carbon dioxide dissolves in water. Its molecular formula is \( H_2CO_3 \). This consists of two hydrogen (H) atoms, one carbon (C) atom, and three oxygen (O) atoms. Carbonic acid plays a crucial role in maintaining the pH balance of natural waters and in the buffering systems of biological organisms. It easily dissociates into bicarbonate (HCO3-) and carbonate (CO32-) ions, which are important for regulating the pH in blood and other tissues.
acetic acid formula
Acetic acid is best known as the main component of vinegar, aside from water. Its molecular formula is \( CH_3COOH \). This formula reveals that it consists of two carbon (C) atoms, four hydrogen (H) atoms, and two oxygen (O) atoms. Acetic acid has a characteristic pungent smell and is a weak acid. This means it only partially ionizes in water, yielding acetate ions (CH3COO-) and hydrogen ions (H+). Besides culinary uses, acetic acid is used in the production of various chemicals, as a solvent, and in medical applications.
