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Chapter 1: Problem 117

The molecules which have dipole moment is/are (a) \(\mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{Cl}_{2}\) (b) 2, 2-dimethylpropane (c) Cis-3-hexene (d) p-chloronitrobenzene

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) \(\mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{Cl}_{2}\) (b) 2, 2-dimethylpropane (c) Cis-3-hexene (d) p-chloronitrobenzene Answer: (a) \(\mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{Cl}_{2}\) and (c) Cis-3-hexene have dipole moments, while 2, 2-dimethylpropane and p-chloronitrobenzene do not have dipole moments due to their symmetry and cancellation of individual bond dipoles.

Step by step solution

01

Analyzing \(\mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{Cl}_{2}\)

The molecule \(\mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{Cl}_{2}\) (Dichloromethane) has two hydrogen atoms bonded to the central carbon along with two chlorine atoms. The electronegativity difference between carbon-hydrogen and carbon-chlorine atoms cause dipole moments along each Carbon-Hydrogen and Carbon-Chlorine bond. However, due to the tetrahedral geometry and symmetry, the dipole moments along the Carbon-Hydrogen bonds get canceled out with each other; but the dipole moments along the Carbon-Chlorine bonds don't cancel. Thus, \(\mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{Cl}_{2}\) has a net dipole moment.
02

Analyzing 2, 2-dimethylpropane

2, 2-dimethylpropane is an alkane with the molecular formula \(\mathrm{C}_{5} \mathrm{H}_{12}\). The molecule is symmetrical with the central carbon atom bonded to four methyl groups. Since carbon-hydrogen bonds have a relatively low polarity and the molecule is symmetrical, the individual dipoles cancel each other out. Thus, 2, 2-dimethylpropane does not have a dipole moment.
03

Analyzing Cis-3-hexene

Cis-3-hexene is an alkene with the double bond between the third and fourth carbon atoms in the hexene chain. The 'cis' configuration means that the two groups with higher priority are on the same side of the molecule. In this case, the molecule is not symmetrical. Hence, the individual carbon-hydrogen bond dipoles do not cancel each other out, resulting in a net dipole moment.
04

Analyzing p-chloronitrobenzene

p-chloronitrobenzene is an aromatic molecule with chlorine and nitro groups attached to the benzene ring. The 'p' or para configuration means that the two groups are positioned opposite from each other on the benzene ring. Due to the electronegative properties of the chloro and nitro groups, there is a polarity induced in the molecule. As they are directly opposite to each other, the molecule is symmetrical, which leads to the cancellation of the individual dipoles. Thus, p-chloronitrobenzene does not have a net dipole moment. In conclusion, the molecules which have a dipole moment are: (a) \(\mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{Cl}_{2}\) (c) Cis-3-hexene

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Match the elements of Column I to elements of Column II. There can be single or multiple matches. Column I (a) Diastereomers (b) Chiral centres (c) Tautomers (d) pent-2-ene Column (p) spontaneously interconvertible (q) cis-trans isomerism (r) restricted rotation (s) stereoisomerism

ClCCI ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl The \(\mathrm{Cl}^{\text { }} \mathrm{Cl}\) bond angle in \(1,1,2,2\) -tetrachloroethene and tetrachloromethane respectively are about (a) \(90^{\circ}\) and \(109.5^{\circ}\) (b) \(109.5^{\circ}\) and \(120^{\circ}\) (c) \(120^{\circ}\) and \(109.5^{\circ}\) (d) \(120^{\circ}\) and \(120^{\circ}\)

The dipole moment of vinyl chloride is lower than that of ethyl chloride. This is because of (a) resonance (b) inductive effect (c) Hyperconjugation (d) unstable nature of vinyl chloride

In benzene all the \(\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{C}\) bonds are of equal length because of (a) resonance (b) aromaticity (c) hyperconjugation (d) tautomerism

A chemical reaction is one in which old bonds are broken and new bonds are made. During the course of these changes a variety of intermediates are formed before a starting material is converted to final products. Formation of these intermediates depend on several factors like bond energies, kinetics of the reactions etc. In which of the following choices, the correct order is not indicated. (a) \(\mathrm{F}^{-}<\mathrm{Cl}^{-}<\mathrm{Br}^{-}<\mathrm{I}^{-}(\) the order of base strength \()\) (b) \(\mathrm{ClCH}_{2} \underset{\oplus}{\mathrm{C}}\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\right)_{2}<\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\right)_{3} \mathrm{C}<\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\right)_{2} \mathrm{COCH}_{3}\) (stability of carbocation) (c) \(\mathrm{O}_{2} \mathrm{~N}-\mathrm{CH}_{2}>\mathrm{CH}_{3}>\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2}\) (stability of carbanion) (d) \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{C}=\mathrm{CH}_{2}<\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}=\mathrm{CHCH}_{3}<\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\right)_{2} \mathrm{C}=\mathrm{C}\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\right)_{2}\) (stability of alkenes)
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