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Chapter 1: Problem 166

Identify the statement which is not correct. (a) Diastereomers are always optically active. (b) \(\mathrm{HC} \equiv \mathrm{C}-\mathrm{CH}_{2}-\mathrm{CH}_{2}-\mathrm{CHOHCH}_{3}\) is known by the IUPAC name as hex-5-yn-2-ol. (c) An achiral molecule is one which has a super imposable mirror image. (d) Only one monochloro derivative is possible for neopentane.

Short Answer

Expert verified
a) Diastereomers are always optically active. b) The IUPAC name of the compound \(\mathrm{HC} \equiv \mathrm{C}-\mathrm{CH}_{2}-\mathrm{CH}_{2}-\mathrm{CHOHCH}_{3}\) is hex-5-yn-2-ol. c) An achiral molecule is one that has a superimposable mirror image. d) There is only one monochloro derivative possible for neopentane. Answer: a) Diastereomers are always optically active.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding Diastereomers and Optical Activity

Diastereomers are stereoisomers that are not enantiomers or mirror images of each other. Optical activity refers to a molecule's ability to rotate plane-polarized light. To identify if the statement is correct, we need to know if diastereomers are always optically active.
02

Evaluating IUPAC Nomenclature for the given Chemical Structure

The provided structure is \(\mathrm{HC} \equiv \mathrm{C}-\mathrm{CH}_{2}-\mathrm{CH}_{2}-\mathrm{CHOHCH}_{3}\). We need to figure out if the IUPAC name given is hex-5-yn-2-ol.
03

Understanding Chirality and Achiral Molecules

Chirality is a property of molecules having a non-superimposable mirror image. An achiral molecule is one that can be superimposed on its mirror image. We need to determine if the statement regarding achiral molecules is correct.
04

Evaluating Monochloro Derivatives for Neopentane

Neopentane, also known as 2,2-dimethylpropane, has the chemical formula \(\mathrm{C}_{5}\mathrm{H}_{12}\). A monochloro derivative is created when one hydrogen atom in the molecule is replaced by a chlorine atom. We must find out if only one monochloro derivative is possible for neopentane.
05

Assessing Diastereomers and Optical Activity

Diastereomers can either be optically active or inactive, depending on the presence or absence of chiral centers in the molecule. So, it is not necessary that diastereomers are always optically active. Therefore, statement (a) is incorrect.
06

Determining the IUPAC Name of the given Structure

The correct IUPAC name for \(\mathrm{HC} \equiv \mathrm{C}-\mathrm{CH}_{2}-\mathrm{CH}_{2}-\mathrm{CHOHCH}_{3}\) is hex-5-yn-2-ol, as there are six carbons (hex), a triple bond between carbons 5 and 6 (5-yn), and an alcohol group on carbon 2 (2-ol). So, statement (b) is correct.
07

Evaluating the Definition of an Achiral Molecule

An achiral molecule is indeed one that has a superimposable mirror image. Statement (c) is correct.
08

Investigating Monochloro Derivatives of Neopentane

Since neopentane has four equivalent hydrogen atoms, if we replace one of them with a chlorine atom, there will be only one possible monochloro derivative due to the symmetry of the molecule. Therefore, statement (d) is correct. After evaluating each statement, we can conclude that the incorrect statement is (a) "Diastereomers are always optically active."

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Most popular questions from this chapter

The dipolemoment of \(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{Cl}(2.05 \mathrm{D})\) is considerably larger than that for vinyl chloride \(\mathrm{CH}_{2}=\mathrm{CH}-\mathrm{Cl}(1.44 \mathrm{D})\) This is because (a) of hyperconjugation in ethyl chloride. (b) the unshared electron pair in chlorine is in resonance with the olefinic double bond in vinyl chloride. (c) Ethane is a saturated molecule. (d) of the electromeric effect.

which among the following compounds can exhibit geometrical isomerism? (a) 2 -phenyl but- 1 -ene (b) 1 -phenyl but- 2 -ene (c) 3 -phenyl but-1-ene (d) 1,1 -dichlorobut- 1 -ene

The molecules which have dipole moment is/are (a) \(\mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{Cl}_{2}\) (b) 2, 2-dimethylpropane (c) Cis-3-hexene (d) p-chloronitrobenzene

The correct order of stability of conformations of butane is (a) anti < gauche \(<\) eclipsed (b) eclipsed < anti < gauche (c) eclipsed \(<\) gauche \(<\) anti (d) gauche \(<\) anti \(<\) eclipsed

\(\mathrm{Cl} \mathrm{CH}_{2}-\mathrm{CHCl}-\mathrm{CH}=\mathrm{CH}_{2}\) is known by IUPAC nomenclature as (a) \(1,2-\) dichloro but \(-3\) -ene (b) \(3,4-\) dichloro but-2-ene (c) \(3,4-\) dichloro but-1-ene (d) 1,2 -dichloro butene-3
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