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Chapter 1: Problem 93

Inductive effect in organic molecule is observed due to (a) conjugation (b) \(\pi\) orbitals (c) electro negativity difference (d) electron affinity

Short Answer

Expert verified
Answer: The primary cause of the inductive effect in organic molecules is the electronegativity difference between the atoms in the molecule.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding the inductive effect

The inductive effect in organic chemistry refers to the redistribution of electron density in a molecule due to the difference in electronegativity of the constituent atoms. It is a permanent effect that influences the properties and reactivity of organic molecules.
02

Evaluating option (a) - conjugation

Conjugation in organic molecules occurs due to the delocalization of pi electrons in alternating single and double bonds or resonance structures. While conjugation affects the electron distribution in a molecule, it is not the sole cause of the inductive effect. So, option (a) is not the correct answer.
03

Evaluating option (b) - \(\pi\) orbitals

\(\pi\) orbitals refer to the molecular orbitals formed by the lateral overlap of p orbitals in a molecule. Although they play a vital role in conjugation and resonance, as discussed previously, they are not the sole cause of inductive effect. So, option (b) is not the correct answer.
04

Evaluating option (c) - electronegativity difference

Electronegativity is a measure of the tendency of an atom to attract electron density towards itself. The difference in electronegativity between two atoms in a molecule causes a shift in electron density, which gives rise to the inductive effect. This aligns with our initial understanding of the inductive effect. Thus, option (c) is the correct answer.
05

Evaluating option (d) - electron affinity

Electron affinity is the energy change experienced by an atom when an electron is added to it. While it might influence the distribution of electron density, it is not the primary cause of the inductive effect. Therefore, option (d) is not the correct answer.
06

Conclusion

The inductive effect in organic molecules is observed due to the electronegativity difference between the atoms in the molecule. This electron density redistribution influences the properties and reactivity of organic molecules. So, the correct answer is option (c).

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Identify a statement which is not correct among the following (a) \(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{5}\) group in \(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{M}_{8} \mathrm{Cl}\) acts as an electrophile. (b) The two nonbonded electrons of a singlet carbene occupy the same orbital. (c) The stability of the alkyl carbocation is influenced by resonance. (d) Free radicals are formed in a homolytic bond fission.

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