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Chapter 3: Problem 168

Which of the following reagents can effect hydroxylation at an aromatic carbon? (a) aqueous KOH (b) alcoholic KOH (c) alkaline \(\mathrm{KMnO}_{4}\) (d) Fenton's reagent

Short Answer

Expert verified
Answer: (c) Alkaline \(\mathrm{KMnO}_{4}\) and (d) Fenton's reagent.

Step by step solution

01

Analyzing aqueous KOH

Aqueous KOH (potassium hydroxide) is a strong base that usually undergoes deprotonation reactions and does not facilitate hydroxylation at an aromatic carbon. Thus, option (a) is not the correct answer.
02

Analyzing alcoholic KOH

Alcoholic KOH is also a strong base and acts as a nucleophile, primarily used in elimination reactions such as dehydrohalogenation and ester hydrolysis. It does not promote hydroxylation of aromatic carbons. Therefore, option (b) is not correct.
03

Analyzing alkaline \(\mathrm{KMnO}_{4}\)

Alkaline \(\mathrm{KMnO}_{4}\) (potassium permanganate) is a powerful oxidizing agent known to perform hydroxylation reactions on both aromatic and aliphatic systems. It adds an OH group to the aromatic carbon. Therefore, option (c) is a valid answer for this question.
04

Analyzing Fenton's reagent

Fenton's reagent consists of hydrogen peroxide (H\(_{2}\)O\(_{2}\)) and a ferrous salt (usually FeSO\(_{4}\)). It is a strong oxidizing agent and is known to promote hydroxylation reactions in both aromatic and aliphatic systems. Therefore, option (d) is also a valid answer for this question. In conclusion, the reagents that can effect hydroxylation at an aromatic carbon are:
05

Answer:

(c) Alkaline \(\mathrm{KMnO}_{4}\) and (d) Fenton's reagent.

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