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Chapter 3: Problem 192

Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct? (a) Benzene on heating with air in presence of vanadium pentoxide at \(700 \mathrm{~K}\) gives maleic anhydride (b) There is no kinetic isotope effect for nitration of benzene. (c) Benzene hexachloride is an unsaturated compound. (d) Distillation of o-cresol and \(\mathrm{p}\) -cresol with zinc dust gives the same product.

Short Answer

Expert verified
a) Benzene, when heated with air and vanadium pentoxide catalyst at 700 K, forms maleic anhydride. b) There is no significant kinetic isotope effect for the nitration of benzene. c) Benzene hexachloride is an unsaturated compound. d) Distillation of o-cresol and p-cresol with zinc dust yields the same product, toluene. Answer: All statements (a, b, c, and d) are correct.

Step by step solution

01

Analyze statement (a)

To analyze statement (a), let's first understand the given reaction. Benzene is heated with air in the presence of vanadium pentoxide catalyst at 700 K. This reaction setup suggests that it is an oxidative process catalyzed by vanadium pentoxide. In this case, benzene reacts with oxygen to form maleic anhydride. This statement is correct.
02

Analyze statement (b)

Statement (b) discusses the kinetic isotope effect for the nitration of benzene. In a kinetic isotope effect, the rate of reaction is affected by the change of a specific isotopic substitution. This effect is usually observed with hydrogen and deuterium substitution. However, in the case of benzene nitration (which involves the substitution of a hydrogen atom in benzene with a nitro group, -NO2), there is no significant difference in the reaction rates for benzene and its isotopically substituted counterpart (e.g., C6H5D). Thus, this statement is also correct.
03

Analyze statement (c)

Benzene hexachloride, also known as hexachlorobenzene, is formed by chlorination of benzene. The structure of hexachlorobenzene is C6Cl6, where chlorine atoms are substituted for all six hydrogen atoms in benzene. In a fully saturated compound, all carbon atoms are bonded to the maximum number of hydrogen atoms possible. However, in hexachlorobenzene, all of the hydrogen atoms have been replaced by chlorine atoms, creating an unsaturated compound. Therefore, statement (c) is correct.
04

Analyze statement (d)

Statement (d) refers to the distillation of o-cresol and p-cresol with zinc dust. The distillation of both o-cresol and p-cresol with zinc dust is a dehydrogenation reaction, as the zinc dust reduces the hydroxyl (-OH) group in cresols to hydrogen. The reduced hydroxyl group then undergoes an intramolecular rearrangement and a hydrogen removal, ultimately resulting in the formation of toluene for both o-cresol and p-cresol. Since both o-cresol and p-cresol produce the same product, toluene, after distillation with zinc dust, statement (d) is correct. In conclusion, all the statements (a, b, c, and d) given in the exercise are correct.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

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