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Chapter 5: Problem 119

Which of the following statements relating to the derivatives of carboxylic acids are correct? [R]C(N)=O (a) An amide \(\mathrm{R}-\mathrm{C}_{-\mathrm{N} \mathrm{H}}\) answers all the tests for a primary amine. (b) Among the carboxylic acid derivatives, acid chloride is the most reactive. Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids \(5.57\) (c) Carboxylic acid can be converted to an ester by reacting with alcohol in the presence of a base. (d) Benzoic acid can be converted to methyl benzoate by using diazomethane.

Short Answer

Expert verified
a) An amide \(\mathrm{R}-\mathrm{C}_{-\mathrm{N} \mathrm{H}}\) answers all the tests for a primary amine. b) Among the carboxylic acid derivatives, acid chloride is the most reactive. c) Carboxylic acid can be converted to an ester by reacting with alcohol in the presence of a base. d) Benzoic acid can be converted to methyl benzoate by using diazomethane. Answer: Statements (b) and (d) are correct.

Step by step solution

01

Examine statement (a)

Examine the statement: "An amide \(\mathrm{R}-\mathrm{C}_{-\mathrm{N} \mathrm{H}}\) answers all the tests for a primary amine." Amides have the general structure \(\mathrm{R}-\mathrm{C}_{-\mathrm{N} \mathrm{H}}\), while primary amines have the structure \(\mathrm{R}-\mathrm{N}\mathrm{H}_{2}\). Although amides and primary amines both contain nitrogen, they have distinct chemical properties and reactivity. Therefore, amides do not answer all the tests for a primary amine, and statement (a) is incorrect.
02

Examine statement (b)

Examine the statement: "Among the carboxylic acid derivatives, acid chloride is the most reactive." Carboxylic acid derivatives have the general structure \(\mathrm{R}-\mathrm{C}(=O)-\mathrm{X}\), where \(\mathrm{X}\) can be a halide (acid chlorides), an alkoxide (esters), an amide, or other functional groups. Acid chlorides are highly reactive due to the strong electron-withdrawing effect of the chlorine atom, making the carbonyl carbon more susceptible to nucleophilic attack. Therefore, statement (b) is correct.
03

Examine statement (c)

Examine the statement: "Carboxylic acid can be converted to an ester by reacting with alcohol in the presence of a base." Esterification is the process by which a carboxylic acid can be converted to an ester by reacting with an alcohol. The reaction requires an acid catalyst, not a base, to facilitate the protonation of the carbonyl oxygen, making the carbon more susceptible to nucleophilic attack by the alcohol. Since the statement mentions the use of a base instead of an acid catalyst, statement (c) is incorrect.
04

Examine statement (d)

Examine the statement: "Benzoic acid can be converted to methyl benzoate by using diazomethane." Diazomethane, \(\mathrm{C}\mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{N}_{2}\), is a highly reactive compound used to convert carboxylic acids to their methyl esters. Upon reaction with diazomethane, benzoic acid can indeed be converted to methyl benzoate. Therefore, statement (d) is correct.
05

Conclusion

After analyzing all statements, we can conclude that statements (b) and (d) are correct.

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