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Chapter 5: Problem 36

Acetaldehyde when heated with \(\mathrm{NaOH}\) gives (a) but-2-enal (b) but- 3 -enal (c) propenal (d) butanal

Short Answer

Expert verified
The product formed when Acetaldehyde is heated in the presence of NaOH is but-2-enal.

Step by step solution

01

Identify the structure of Acetaldehyde

Acetaldehyde is an organic compound with the formula \(CH_{3}CHO\). Its structure can be represented as: H H O | | || C-C=O
02

Understand the reaction with NaOH

On heating with \(\mathrm{NaOH}\), Acetaldehyde undergoes Aldol condensation. This reaction involves the formation of a new carbon-carbon bond between the carbonyl group and the alpha carbon atom of another carbonyl compound. In this case, the other carbonyl compound is also an Acetaldehyde molecule.
03

Write the reaction for Aldol condensation

In the first step of Aldol condensation, the alpha carbon atom (C-H) is deprotonated by the base (\(\mathrm{OH^{-}}\) from \(\mathrm{NaOH}\)), leading to the formation of an enolate ion: H H O | | || C-C=O + OH^- -> C=C-O- + H2O In the second step, the enolate ion attacks the carbonyl group of another Acetaldehyde molecule, forming a carbon-carbon bond, and gives an aldol intermediate: O^- H H O || | | || C-C C-C=O -> H H O H | | | | C-C-C-C=O
04

Identify the final product

The last step of the reaction involves the dehydration of the aldol intermediate to form the final product. This involves the elimination of a water molecule from the aldol to form a double bond: H H O H | | | | C-C-C-C=O -> C-C=C-C=O + H2O The final product has the following structure: H H O | | || C-C=C-C=O Now, we can compare the obtained product's structure with the given options to find the correct answer.
05

Choose the correct option

The correct structure obtained in Step 4 stands for but-2-enal, which corresponds to option (a). Therefore, the final product of the reaction between Acetaldehyde and \(\mathrm{NaOH}\) is but-2-enal. The correct answer is (a) but-2-enal.

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