Log out Go to App
Go to App

Learning Materials

Features

Discover

Chapter 6: Problem 97

Each question in this section has four suggested answers of which ONE OR MORE answers will be correct. Which of the following reactions give only \(1^{\circ}\) amine? (a) Hofmann's bromamide reaction (b) Reduction of oximes with LiAlH \(_{4}\) (c) Reaction of alcohol with \(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\) at high temperature in presence of alumina (d) Reduction of nitro compound with \(\mathrm{Sn}\) and \(\mathrm{HCl}\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
In summary, the reactions that produce only 1° (primary) amines are (a) Hofmann's bromamide reaction and (d) Reduction of a primary nitro compound with Sn and HCl. The other reactions mentioned do not necessarily give only a primary amine.

Step by step solution

01

Part (a): Hofmann's Bromamide Reaction

Hofmann's Bromamide reaction is the conversion of acid amides to primary amines by treating them with bromine and aqueous sodium hydroxide: $$\mathrm{RCONH}_{2} + \mathrm{Br}_{2} + 4\,\mathrm{NaOH} \rightarrow \mathrm{RNH}_{2} + 2\,\mathrm{NaBr} + \mathrm{Na}_{2}\mathrm{CO}_{3} + 2\,\mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}$$ In this reaction, the amide's carbon atom is entirely removed, resulting in the formation of a primary amine. So, this reaction gives only 1° amine.
02

Part (b): Reduction of Oximes with LiAlH \(_{4}\)

Oximes are compounds with the general formula R-C(NOH)-R'. When they are reduced using LiAlH\(_{4}\) (Lithium aluminum hydride), they become amines: $$\mathrm{R} - \mathrm{C}(\mathrm{NOH}) - \mathrm{R'} + 2\,\mathrm{H}^- \rightarrow \mathrm{R} - \mathrm{CH} - \mathrm{NR'} + \mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}$$ The reduction of oximes with LiAlH\(_{4}\) yields primary amines when the original compound has the nitrogen atom bonded to a carbon with two hydrogen atoms, which means it is a primary amine. In other cases, it would result in secondary or tertiary amines. In this case, it is not guaranteed that the reaction gives only 1° amine.
03

Part (c): Reaction of Alcohol with \(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\) at high temperature in presence of Alumina

When an alcohol reacts with ammonia at high temperatures in the presence of alumina, it forms an amine. However, this reaction can produce primary, secondary, or tertiary amines depending on the alcohol used. So, it does not necessarily give only 1° amine.
04

Part (d): Reduction of Nitro Compound with \(\mathrm{Sn}\) and \(\mathrm{HCl}\)

The reduction of a nitro compound with tin and hydrochloric acid results in an amine. If we start with a primary nitro compound (R-NO₂), we get a primary amine (R-NH₂) after reduction: $$\mathrm{RNO}_{2} + 6\,\mathrm{H} \rightarrow \mathrm{RNH}_{2} + 2\,\mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}$$ So, the reduction of nitro compounds with \(\mathrm{Sn}\) and \(\mathrm{HCl}\) gives only 1° amine if we start with a primary nitro compound.
05

Conclusion

Considering the analysis of each reaction, the reactions that give only a primary amine are: (a) Hofmann's bromamide reaction (d) Reduction of a primary nitro compound with \(\mathrm{Sn}\) and \(\mathrm{HCl}\)

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

  • Full Textbook Solutions

    Get detailed explanations and key concepts

  • Unlimited Al creation

    Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

  • Ads-free access

    To over 500 millions flashcards

  • Money-back guarantee

    We refund you if you fail your exam.

Start your free trial

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with Vaia!

One App. One Place for Learning.

All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.

Get started for free

Most popular questions from this chapter

What are the various instruments used in chain surveying?

Explain the following with neat sketches: (a) Simple levelling (b) Differential Levelling

Convert the following \(\mathrm{RB}\) to \(\mathrm{WCB}\) (a) \(\mathrm{N} 32^{\circ} 30^{\prime} \mathrm{E}\) (b) \(\mathrm{S} 42^{\circ} 40^{\prime} \mathrm{E}\) (c) \(\mathrm{S} 60^{\circ} 30^{\prime} \mathrm{W}\) (d) \(\mathrm{N} 72^{\circ} 50^{\prime} \mathrm{W}\)

Each question in this section has four suggested answers of which ONE OR MORE answers will be correct. The reaction(s) involved in the above conversion of phthalimide to anthranilic acid is/are (a) Reduction with \(\mathrm{NaBH}_{4}\) (b) Alkaline hydrolysis (c) Reaction with \(\mathrm{HNO}_{2}\) (d) Hofmann bromamide reaction

Differentiate the following: (a) Open traverse and closed traverse (b) Perpendicular offset and oblique offset (c) Prismatic compass and surveyor's compass (d) True bearing and magnetic bearing (e) Whole circle bearing and reduced bearing (f) Fore bearing and back bearing
See all solutions

Recommended explanations on Chemistry Textbooks

Organic Chemistry

Read Explanation

Chemical Analysis

Read Explanation

Chemical Reactions

Read Explanation

The Earths Atmosphere

Read Explanation

Ionic and Molecular Compounds

Read Explanation

Inorganic Chemistry

Read Explanation
View all explanations

What do you think about this solution?

We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.

Study anywhere. Anytime. Across all devices.

Sign-up for free