Log out Go to App
Go to App

Learning Materials

Features

Discover

Chapter 1: Problem 15

Explain the following: (a) Photoelectric effect (b) Compton effect (c) Pauli's exclusion principle (d) Exchange energy

Short Answer

Expert verified
In summary, the Photoelectric Effect involves the emission of electrons when light is shone onto a material, the Compton Effect is the scattering of a photon by an electron, Pauli's exclusion principle states that two identical fermions cannot occupy the same quantum state simultaneously, and Exchange Energy refers to the change in energy due to swapping identical particles in a quantum system.

Step by step solution

01

Photoelectric effect

The photoelectric effect is an observable phenomenon that involves the emission of electrons when light is shone onto a material. Albert Einstein won a Nobel prize for explaining this phenomenon using the concept of ‘quanta’ or photons (light particles). He stated that each photon carries energy proportional to its frequency and can give up all of its energy to an electron in the material. This process is responsible for the generation of electric currents in solar cells.
02

Compton effect

The Compton effect, named after its discoverer, Arthur H. Compton, is the scattering of a photon by a charged particle, usually an electron. It results in a decrease in energy (increase in wavelength) of the photon, which is called an 'energy shift'. Compton scattering confirms the particle-like properties of light, proving light can behave as both a particle and wave.
03

Pauli's exclusion principle

The Pauli exclusion principle is a fundamental principle in quantum mechanics. Proposed by Wolfgang Pauli in 1925, it states that no two identical fermions (particles with half-integer spin) in the same system can have identical quantum numbers. In other words, two or more identical fermions cannot occupy the same quantum state within a quantum system simultaneously.
04

Exchange energy

Exchange energy usually refers to the change in energy due to swapping identical particles in a quantum system. According to quantum mechanics, the total wave function describing the system changes sign for two types of particles, bosons and fermions, upon such exchange. For fermions, the exchange energy tends to be lower when the spins of the particles are aligned, yielding a binding effect, often seen in the formation of Cooper pairs in superconductors.

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

  • Full Textbook Solutions

    Get detailed explanations and key concepts

  • Unlimited Al creation

    Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

  • Ads-free access

    To over 500 millions flashcards

  • Money-back guarantee

    We refund you if you fail your exam.

Start your free trial

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with Vaia!

One App. One Place for Learning.

All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.

Get started for free

Most popular questions from this chapter

State Heisenberg's uncertainty principle and discuss its significance.

Define quantum numbers and explain the significance of each of these numbers.

Derive an expression for the radius of an orbit, velocity, and energy of an electron in the hydrogen atom.

Differentiate between an orbit and orbital.

Write down the Schrodinger wave equation and define each of the terms in it.
See all solutions

Recommended explanations on Chemistry Textbooks

Physical Chemistry

Read Explanation

Chemical Reactions

Read Explanation

Kinetics

Read Explanation

Nuclear Chemistry

Read Explanation

Making Measurements

Read Explanation

Chemistry Branches

Read Explanation
View all explanations

What do you think about this solution?

We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.

Study anywhere. Anytime. Across all devices.

Sign-up for free