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Chapter 14: Problem 4

Write balanced chemical equations for the following: (a) Action of conc. nitric acid on sugar (b) Action of zinc with very dilute nitric acid (c) Action of \(\mathrm{PCl}_{5}\) with ethyl alcohol (d) Action of hot conc. \(\mathrm{NaOH}\) with white phosphorus

Short Answer

Expert verified
Balanced reactions are: (a) \(C_{12}H_{22}O_{11} + 14 HNO_3 \rightarrow 11 H_2O + 12 CO_2 + 14 NO_2\), (b) \(Zn + 2 HNO_3 \rightarrow H_2 + Zn(NO_3)_2\), (c) \(C_2H_5OH + PCl_5 \rightarrow C_2H_5Cl + POCl_3 + HCl\), (d) \(3 P_4 + 12 NaOH + 18 H_2O \rightarrow 12 Na_3PO_4 + PH_3\).

Step by step solution

01

Action of conc. nitric acid on sugar

The action of concentrated nitric acid (\(HNO_3\)) on sugar (sucrose) leads to the oxidation of sugar. The equation for this reaction is: \(C_{12}H_{22}O_{11} + 14 HNO_3 \rightarrow 11 H_2O + 12 CO_2 + 14 NO_2\). This equation is already balanced.
02

Action of zinc with very dilute nitric acid

When zinc (\(Zn\)) reacts with very dilute nitric acid (\(HNO_3\)), a displacement reaction occurs where hydrogen gas is evolved. The equation is: \(Zn + 2 HNO_3 \rightarrow H_2 + Zn(NO_3)_2\). This equation is already balanced.
03

Action of PCl5 with ethyl alcohol

Ethyl alcohol (ethanol, \(C_2H_5OH\)) reacts with phosphorus pentachloride (\(PCl_5\)) to produce ethyl chloride and phosphorus oxychloride as per the equation: \(C_2H_5OH + PCl_5 \rightarrow C_2H_5Cl + POCl_3 + HCl\). This equation is already balanced.
04

Action of hot conc. NaOH with white phosphorus

White phosphorus (\(P_4\)) reacts with hot concentrated sodium hydroxide (\(NaOH\)) to form phosphine and sodium orthophosphate. The equation for this reaction is: \(3 P_4 + 12 NaOH + 18 H_2O \rightarrow 12 Na_3PO_4 + PH_3\). This equation is already balanced.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Give reasons for the following: (a) \(\mathrm{NCl}_{3}\) is hydrolysed but \(\mathrm{NF}_{3}\) is stable. (b) \(\mathrm{PCl}_{5}\) is known but \(\mathrm{NCl}_{5}\), does not exist. (c) Bismuth shows mainly +III oxidation states. (d) Nitrogen shows-III oxidation state.

Discuss the oxidising action of dilute and conc. nitric acid with the help of suitable examples.

Discuss the comparative account of the properties of the trihalides of Group 15 elements.

Discuss the structure of the following: (a) \(\mathrm{HNO}_{2}\) (b) \(\mathrm{N}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{4}\) (c) \(\mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{PO}_{3}\) (d) \(\mathrm{PH}_{3}\) (e) \(\mathrm{PCl}_{5}\)

Give an account of the preparation and properties of the following substances. (a) Hydrazoic acid (b) Phosphoric acid (c) White arsenic
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