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Chapter 16: Problem 3

Account for the following: (a) HF is not stored in glass bottles. (b) \(\mathrm{SiF}_{4}\) reacts with \(\mathrm{HF}\) to give \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SiF}_{6}\) (c) Electrolysis of aqueous HF does not give \(F_{2}\) at anode (d) Fluorine does not form any oxyacid except HOF. (e) \(\mathrm{I}_{2}\) is insoluble in \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) but dissolves in aqueous solution of \(\mathrm{KI}\).

Short Answer

Expert verified
HF is not stored in glass to avoid reacting and damaging the container. SiF4 reacts with HF to form H2SiF6. In the electrolysis of aqueous HF, oxygen is liberated instead of F2 due to the high hydration energy of F- ions. Fluorine only forms HOF because it cannot hold more than one Oxygen atom. Iodine is insoluble in water but dissolves in aqueous KI due to the formation of triiodide ion.

Step by step solution

01

Reasoning for HF storage

HF stands for Hydrofluoric acid, which is very corrosive and reactive. It reacts with glass (\(SiO_2\)), leading to etching of the glass and making the container unreliable for storage. Instead, it is stored in plastic containers.
02

Reaction of SiF4 and HF

Silicon tetrafluoride (\(SiF_4\)) reacts with excessive Hydrofluoric acid (HF) to produce Hexafluorosilicic acid (\(H_2SiF_6\)). This reaction can be put into a balanced equation: \(SiF4 + 2HF \rightarrow H2SiF6\).
03

Electrolysis of aqueous HF

During the electrolysis of aqueous HF, even though fluorine ions are highly electronegative, the evolution of \(F_2\) at the anode is suppressed due to the high hydration energy of \(F-\) ions. Instead, oxygen is liberated at the anode due to the oxidation of water.
04

Fluorine's oxyacids

Fluorine is the most electronegative element and it forms only one oxyacid, HOF (hypofluorous acid), due to its small size and high electronegativity. It does not have the capability to hold more than one Oxygen atom in HOF molecule.
05

Iodine's solubility

Iodine (I2) is a non-polar molecule, hence it's insoluble in water, which is a polar solvent based on the principle 'like dissolves like'. However, when potassium iodide (KI) is added, it forms a tri-iodide ion (\(I_3^-\) ion), which is soluble in water. The reaction can be represented as follows: \(I2 + KI \rightarrow KI3\).

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Discuss the characteristics of interhalogens and interhalogenoids.

Discuss the electropositive character of iodine with the help of suitable examples.

Discuss the action of bleaching powder with the following compounds: (a) \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\) (b) \(\mathrm{Cl}_{2}\) (c) \(\mathrm{COCl}_{2}\) (d) \(\mathrm{PbO}\) (e) \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}\)

Give reasons for the following: (a) Fluorine exhibits only (-I) oxidation state while the other halogens can show higher oxidation states. (b) HF has the highest boiling point while lowest acidic strength among the halogen acids. (c) \(\mathrm{F}_{2}\) is the strongest oxidising agent.

Discuss the structures of the following compounds. (a) \(\mathrm{IF}_{5}\) (b) \(\mathrm{IO}_{4}^{-}\) (c) \(\mathrm{ClO}_{3}^{-}\) (d) \(\mathrm{Cl}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) (e) \(\mathrm{I}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{5}\) (f) \(\mathrm{IF}_{7}\)
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