Chapter 16: Problem 8

Discuss the structures of the following compounds. (a) \(\mathrm{IF}_{5}\) (b) \(\mathrm{IO}_{4}^{-}\) (c) \(\mathrm{ClO}_{3}^{-}\) (d) \(\mathrm{Cl}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) (e) \(\mathrm{I}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{5}\) (f) \(\mathrm{IF}_{7}\)

Short Answer

Expert verified

The structures of the compounds are as follows: \(\mathrm{IF}_{5}\) is square pyramidal, \(\mathrm{IO}_{4}^{-}\) is square planar, \(\mathrm{ClO}_{3}^{-}\) is trigonal pyramidal, \(\mathrm{Cl}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) is angular or bent, \(\mathrm{I}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{5}\) is linear, and \(\mathrm{IF}_{7}\) is pentagonal bipyramidal.

Step by step solution

Determine the total number of valence electrons and arrange the atoms

In \(\mathrm{IF}_{5}\), the central atom I has 7 valence electrons and each F atom has 7 valence electrons. Since F is more electronegative, it is arranged around I.

Draw the Lewis Dot Structure

Join the central atom I with five F atoms by single bonds. Now, place the remaining 2 electrons on the I atom, resulting in a single pair of lone electrons.

Determine the shape of the molecule

The shape of \(\mathrm{IF}_{5}\) is square pyramidal which is based on a trigonal bipyramidal arrangement. The same process needs to be followed for \(\mathrm{IO}_{4}^{-}\), \(\mathrm{ClO}_{3}^{-}\), \(\mathrm{Cl}_{2} \mathrm{O}\), \(\mathrm{I}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{5}\), and \(\mathrm{IF}_{7}\).

Identify the molecular geometry of remaining compounds

\(\mathrm{IO}_{4}^{-}\) has a molecular geometry of square planar; \(\mathrm{ClO}_{3}^{-}\) is trigonal pyramidal; \(\mathrm{Cl}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) is angular or bent; \(\mathrm{I}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{5}\) is linear, and \(\mathrm{IF}_{7}\) is pentagonal bipyramidal.

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Discuss the structures of the following compounds. (a) \(\mathrm{IF}_{5}\) (b) \(\mathrm{IO}_{4}^{-}\) (c) \(\mathrm{ClO}_{3}^{-}\) (d) \(\mathrm{Cl}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) (e) \(\mathrm{I}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{5}\) (f) \(\mathrm{IF}_{7}\)

Short Answer

Step by step solution

Determine the total number of valence electrons and arrange the atoms

Draw the Lewis Dot Structure

Determine the shape of the molecule

Identify the molecular geometry of remaining compounds

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