Log out Go to App
Go to App

Learning Materials

Features

Discover

Chapter 25: Problem 7

Discuss the crystal-field effects on lattice energy and hydration energies of transition metal ions.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The Crystal Field Theory (CFT) impacts both lattice and hydration energies of a transition metal ion by changing the energy level gaps (splitting) in d-orbitals. A stronger crystal field leads to a larger energy split, which results in higher lattice and hydration energy.

Step by step solution

01

Defining Crystal-Field Theory

Crystal Field Theory (CFT) is a model that describes the interaction between the central metal ion and ligands which are arranged around it. It specifically enables us to understand and predict the magnetic properties, colours, hydration energies, and spinel structures of transition metal complexes.
02

Understanding Lattice and Hydration Energies

Lattice energy is the energy required to break apart an ionic solid and convert its constituent atoms into gaseous ions. Hydration energy, on the other hand, is the energy released when new bonds are made between the ions and water molecules.
03

Explaining the effect of Crystal-Field on Lattice Energy

The strength of the crystal field affects the magnitude of the splitting of the d-orbitals in a complex, which in turn affects the lattice energy. A stronger crystal field results in a larger splitting of the d-orbitals, and subsequently a higher lattice energy due to the larger electrostatic forces between the ions.
04

Detailing the Impact on Hydration Energies

Crystal field strength again plays a role here. Transition metal ions with stronger crystal fields usually exhibit greater hydration energies. This is because a higher crystal field splitting will lead to more negative ions (usually water in hydration), thus releasing more energy.

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

  • Full Textbook Solutions

    Get detailed explanations and key concepts

  • Unlimited Al creation

    Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

  • Ads-free access

    To over 500 millions flashcards

  • Money-back guarantee

    We refund you if you fail your exam.

Start your free trial

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with Vaia!

One App. One Place for Learning.

All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.

Get started for free

Most popular questions from this chapter

Discuss the crystal-field effects on spinel structures.

Discuss the Jahn-Teller effect with the help of an octahedral complex of \(\mathrm{Cu}^{2+}\) ion.

Discuss the structural effects of crystal field splitting.

$$ \text { Show that } \Delta_{t}=\frac{-4}{9} \Delta_{0} \text { with the help of mathematical derivations. } $$

Discuss the splitting of energy of degenerate \(d\) -orbitals in presence of tetrahedral crystal-field potential.
See all solutions

Recommended explanations on Chemistry Textbooks

Physical Chemistry

Read Explanation

Inorganic Chemistry

Read Explanation

Organic Chemistry

Read Explanation

Kinetics

Read Explanation

Chemical Reactions

Read Explanation

Chemical Analysis

Read Explanation
View all explanations

What do you think about this solution?

We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.

Study anywhere. Anytime. Across all devices.

Sign-up for free