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Chapter 28: Problem 3

Discuss various methods of synthesis of metal carbonyls.

Short Answer

Expert verified
There are several methods to synthesize metal carbonyls: (1) Direct Combination, where metal reacts directly with carbon monoxide under high pressure. (2) Reaction of Metal Halides with Carbon Monoxide, specifically for metals that don't react directly with CO. (3) Reductive Carbonylation, where metal oxides or hydroxides are reduced by carbon monoxide to form metal carbonyls.

Step by step solution

01

Method 1: Direct Combination

In this method, metal directly reacts with carbon monoxide under high pressure. This method is commonly used for metals in zero oxidation state. For example, Nickel carbonyl \(Ni(CO)_4\) is formed by the direct reaction of Nickel with carbon monoxide under high pressure and 50 degrees Celsius. The reaction is as follows: \( Ni + 4CO \rightarrow Ni(CO)_4\)
02

Method 2: Reaction of Metal Halides with Carbon Monoxide

Metal halides, particularly with low oxidation state, react with carbon monoxide to form metal carbonyls. This method is used when a metal doesn't react directly with CO. For example, Iron pentacarbonyl \(Fe(CO)_5\) can be synthesized by the reaction of Iron pentachloride with carbon monoxide. The reaction is as follows: \( FeCl_2 + 5CO \rightarrow Fe(CO)_5 + 2Cl_2\)
03

Method 3: Reductive Carbonylation

In this method, metal oxides or hydroxides are reduced by carbon monoxide to form metal carbonyls. For example, synthesis of Iron pentacarbonyl is possible by reductive carbonylation of Iron(III) oxide: \( 2Fe_2O_3 + 15CO \rightarrow 4Fe(CO)_5 + 3CO_2\)

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Define \(\pi\) -acceptor ligands with the help of suitable examples.

Give reasons for (a) CO stretching frequencies are higher in \(\left[\mathrm{F}_{3} \mathrm{PNi}(\mathrm{CO})_{3}\right]\) than in \(\left[\mathrm{Me}_{3} \mathrm{PNi}(\mathrm{CO})_{3}\right]\). (b) Extent of \(\pi\) -bonding in \(\left[\mathrm{Ag}(\mathrm{CNR})_{4}\right.\) is higher than in \(\left[\mathrm{Fe}(\mathrm{CNR})_{6}\right]^{2+}\).

Discuss the bonding in metal nitrosonium complexes.

Discuss the classification of metal carbonyls.

Compare the extent of \(\pi\) -bonding in the following complexes: \(\left[\mathrm{Fe}(\mathrm{NO})(\mathrm{CN})_{5}\right]^{2-}\) and \(\left[\mathrm{V}(\mathrm{NO})(\mathrm{CN})_{5}\right]^{3-}\)
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